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  1. Fulltext Immunohistochemical localization of RET rearrangements in a Malaysian papillary thyroid carcinoma population
    Omar E, Othman NH
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Aug;58(3):461-2.
    PMID: 14750392
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism*
  2. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptors in Thyroid Nodular Hyperplasia and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Tertiary Health Care Centre Based Study
    Mohamad Pakarul Razy NH, Wan Abdul Rahman WF, Win TT
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Jan 25;20(1):277-282.
    PMID: 30678450
    Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that plays an important role in
    thyroid cancer. VEGF is known to have high affinity to VEGF receptors such as VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR).
    Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer and studies showed the increasing incidence of
    PTC arising in nodular hyperplasia. Targeted therapy on these growth factors and receptors are used in management
    of both differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. This study aims to determine the expression of VEGF
    and VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in thyroid nodular hyperplasia and PTC. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on
    paraffinized archival tissue blocks of 113 nodular hyperplasias and 67 PTC from the thyroidectomy specimens in
    the year of 2003 to 2014. The tissue sections were then stained by immunohistochemistry for VEGF, VEGFR-1 and
    VEGFR-2. The lymph node involvement and extrathyroid extension also were determined. Results: The mean age of
    PTC patients was 44.7±15.8 years and nodular hyperplasia were 42.2±13.6 years. There was a statistical difference
    of VEGFR-1 (p=0.028) and VEGFR-2 (p=0.003) expression between nodular hyperplasia and PTC. However, no
    significant difference of VEGF expression (p=0.576) between both diseases. Co-expression of VEGF and VEGFR-1
    was significant in both nodular hyperplasia (p=0.016) and PTC (p=0.03), meanwhile no relevant relationship for VEGF
    and VEGFR-2 expression (p>0.05). No significant association (p>0.05) between lymph node status and extrathyroid
    extension with age groups, gender, VEGF and VEGFR expression. Conclusions: VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2
    showed overexpression in both nodular hyperplasia and PTC. The expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are more
    significant in PTC with relevant co-expression of VEGF and VEGFR-1. Therefore, the inhibition of VEGFR offers a
    promising prospect for tumour management in thyroid carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism*
  3. The diagnostic utility of cytokeratin 19 in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions
    Wa Kammal WS, Yahaya A, Shah SA, Abdullah Suhaimi SN, Mahasin M, Mustangin M, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Dec;41(3):293-301.
    PMID: 31901914
    INTRODUCTION: Thyroid carcinoma is classically diagnosed based on certain histological criteria. In some cases, definitive diagnoses may be challenging when morphological features are equivocal. This study evaluated the usefulness of Cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) as an immunohistochemical marker to differentiate the different histological types of malignant thyroid neoplasms, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) from benign thyroid lesions.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 54 malignant and 65 benign thyroid lesions diagnosed by histology in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre between January 2010 and December 2015. All cases were immunohistochemically stained with CK 19 and evaluated by 3 independent observers. The immunostaining patterns were scored based on the intensity and proportion of staining and finally graded as negative, weak positive, moderate positive or strong positive. In addition, the immunostaining scores of the malignant cases were correlated with their TNM pathological tumour stages.

    RESULTS: Cytokeratin 19 staining expression was higher in malignant than benign thyroid lesions (p < 0.001) which was most prominent among classical PTC. The four PTC cases that showed negative or weak staining were all follicular variant of PTC. Benign conditions were mostly negative or showed weak positivity. There was no correlation between CK 19 expression and TNM primary tumour stage (pT).

    CONCLUSION: Cytokeratin 19 is a useful marker in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid conditions particularly the classical PTC, provided its interpretation is by correlation with morphology and takes into consideration the intensity and proportion of positive staining.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
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