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  1. Gene expression profiling and cancer-related pathways in type I endometrial carcinoma
    Saghir FS, Rose IM, Dali AZ, Shamsuddin Z, Jamal AR, Mokhtar NM
    Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2010 Jul;20(5):724-31.
    PMID: 20973258
    INTRODUCTION: Malignant transformation of type I endometrium involves alteration in gene expression with subsequent uncontrolled proliferation of altered cells.

    OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to identify the cancer-related genes and gene pathways in the endometrium of healthy and cancer patients.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty endometrial tissues from healthy and type I EC patients were subjected to total RNA isolation. The RNA samples with good integrity number were hybridized to a new version of Affymetrix Human Genome GeneChip 1.0 ST array. We analyzed the results using the GeneSpring 9.0 GX and the Pathway Studio 6.1 software. For validation assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze 4 selected genes in normal and EC tissue.

    RESULTS: Of the 28,869 genes profiled, we identified 621 differentially expressed genes (2-fold) in the normal tissue and the tumor. Among these genes, 146 were up-regulated and 476 were down-regulated in the tumor as compared with the normal tissue (P < 0.001). Up-regulated genes included the v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ErbB3), ErbB4, E74-like factor 3 (ELF3), and chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17). The down-regulated genes included signal transducer and activator transcription 5B (STAT5b), transforming growth factor A receptor III (TGFA3), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and protein kinase C alpha (PKCA). The gene set enrichment analysis showed 10 significant gene sets with related genes (P < 0.05). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction of 4 selected genes using similar RNA confirmed the microarray results (P < 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Identification of molecular pathways with their genes related to type I EC contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology of this cancer, probably leading to identifying potential biomarkers of the cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery
  2. Migration of a Hodge pessary into the abdominal cavity; a rare complications
    Lim BK, Collaris RR
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2008 Jun;34(3):436-8.
    PMID: 18588622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00786.x
    A 62-year old para 4 with a history of a radical hysterectomy followed by radiotherapy for endometrial carcinoma was seen shortly after insertion of a pessary for a total vault prolapse. On follow-up the pessary couldn't be retrieved. An abdominal X-ray revealed the pessary in the abdominal cavity and it had to be removed by means of a laparotomy. Fistula and defects have been reported both in longstanding pessary use and as long-term complication in radical surgery with radiotherapy. In view of potential - though rare - serious complications, adequate follow-up in pessary use is therefore mandatory. Adequate diagnostic investigations are essential in deciding on an appropriate approach for rare cases like these.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery
  3. Pattern of tissue expression of CA-125 and HE4 in primary epithelial ovarian tumours and correlation with serum CA-125 levels
    Devan SM, Pailoor J, Sthaneshwar P, Narayanan V
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(8):4545-8.
    PMID: 24083699
    The objective of this study is to assess tissue expression of CA-125 and HE4 protein in primary benign and malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary and correlate with serum CA-125 levels. A total of 100 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections of ovarian tumours which included serous adenoma (11), mucinous adenoma (42), serous carcinoma (20), mucinous carcinoma (12) and endometrioid carcinoma (15), histologically diagnosed between 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2012 at the University Malaya Medical Centre, were stained for HE4 (rabbit polyclonal antibody, Abcam, UK) and CA-125 (mouse monoclonal antibody clone: OC125, Cell Marque Corporation, Rocklin, California, USA). Pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were obtained from the laboratory information system. Immunoscore (I score) for HE4 and CA-125 was given based on the intensity of staining and percentage of positive tumour cells and considered significant when it was >50 (intensity of staining multiplied by percentage of positive tumour cells). Serum CA-125 levels were compared with the I score of HE4 and CA-125 in tissues. We noted that the CA-125 levels in serum and tissues were significantly raised in malignant compared to benign ovarian tumours (p value<0.05). Tissue expression of HE4 protein was also significantly raised in malignant tumours compared to benign tumours (p value<0.05). We conclude that HE4 can be a useful tissue immunomarker in addition to CA-125.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery
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