Displaying all 10 publications

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  1. Shiromwar SS, Khan AH, Chidrawar V
    Rev Esp Quimioter, 2023 Feb;36(1):30-44.
    PMID: 36503203 DOI: 10.37201/req/029.2022
    OBJECTIVE: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has raised a great threat to human health globally, especially in developing countries. The objective of the present study is to collate and contrast the proportions of treatment outcome in the previously published XDR-TB articles.

    METHODS: By considering inclusion criteria and search engines, a total of 22 articles were enrolled.

    RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the overall favorable treatment outcome was 24.04%. From the cohort of enrolled studies 19.76% (397) and 43.35% (871) patients were cured and died respectively. In 90.9% of enrolled articles, the investigators performed drug-susceptibility testing at the baseline. The overall treatment outcome was improved by the use of new drugs (linezolid, bedaquiline, ciprofloxacin, clofazimine) in the treatment regimen of XDR-TB showing linezolid and bedaquiline better results i.e. 59.44 and 78.88%, respectively. Moreover, use of antiretroviral treatment in XDR-TB patients with HIV infection have not shown any significant difference in the treatment outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: XDR-TB treatment success can be achieved by implying standardized definitions, upgraded diagnostic procedures, and novel drugs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/therapeutic use
  2. Ng HF, Ngeow YF
    Microb Drug Resist, 2023 Feb;29(2):41-46.
    PMID: 36802272 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0068
    Linezolid is one of the antibiotics used to treat the Mycobacteroides abscessus infection. However, linezolid-resistance mechanisms of this organism are not well understood. The objective of this study was to identify possible linezolid-resistance determinants in M. abscessus through characterization of step-wise mutants selected from a linezolid-susceptible strain, M61 (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 0.25 mg/L). Whole-genome sequencing and subsequent PCR verification of the resistant second-step mutant, A2a(1) (MIC: >256 mg/L), revealed three mutations in its genome, two of which were found in the 23S rDNA (g2244t and g2788t) and another one was found in a gene encoding the fatty-acid-CoA ligase FadD32 (c880t→H294Y). The 23S rRNA is the molecular target of linezolid and mutations in this gene are likely to contribute to resistance. Furthermore, PCR analysis revealed that the c880t mutation in the fadD32 gene first appeared in the first-step mutant, A2 (MIC: 1 mg/L). Complementation of the wild-type M61 with the pMV261 plasmid carrying the mutant fadD32 gene caused the previously sensitive M61 to develop a reduced susceptibility to linezolid (MIC: 1 mg/L). The findings of this study uncovered hitherto undescribed mechanisms of linezolid resistance in M. abscessus that may be useful for the development of novel anti-infective agents against this multidrug-resistant pathogen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/pharmacology
  3. Brenciani A, Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Massacci FR, Albini E, Cucco L, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2024 Apr 02;79(4):846-850.
    PMID: 38366373 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae039
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the global distribution of an optrA-harbouring linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST476 clonal lineage.

    METHODS: Comprehensive searches of the NCBI database were performed to identify published peer-reviewed articles and genomes of E. faecalis ST476. Each genome was analysed for resistome, virulome, OptrA variant and optrA genetic contexts. A phylogenetic comparison of ST476 genomes with publicly available genomes of other STs was also performed.

    RESULTS: Sixty-six E. faecalis ST476 isolates from 15 countries (China, Japan, South Korea, Austria, Denmark, Spain, Czech Republic, Colombia, Tunisia, Italy, Malaysia, Belgium, Germany, United Arab Emirates and Switzerland) mainly of human and animal origin were identified. Thirty available ST476 genomes compared with genomes of 591 STs indicated a progressive radiation of E. faecalis STs starting from ST21. The closest ancestral node for ST476 was ST1238. Thirty E. faecalis ST476 genomes exhibited 3-916 SNP differences. Several antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were conserved among the ST476 genomes. The optrA genetic context exhibited a high degree of or complete identity to the chromosomal transposon Tn6674. Only three isolates displayed an optrA-carrying plasmid with complete or partial Tn6674. The WT OptrA protein was most widespread in the ST476 lineage.

    CONCLUSIONS: Linezolid-resistant optrA-carrying E. faecalis of the clonal lineage ST476 is globally distributed in human, animal and environmental settings. The presence of such an emerging clone can be of great concern for public health. Thus, a One Health approach is needed to counteract the spread and the evolution of this enterococcal clonal lineage.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/pharmacology
  4. Mendes RE, Hogan PA, Jones RN, Sader HS, Flamm RK
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2016 Jul;71(7):1860-5.
    PMID: 27013481 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw052
    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to report the linezolid in vitro activity observed during the Zyvox(®) Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum (ZAAPS) programme for 2014.

    METHODS: In total, 7541 organisms causing documented infections were consecutively collected in 66 centres in 33 countries, excluding the USA. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Isolates displaying linezolid MIC results of ≥4 mg/L were molecularly characterized.

    RESULTS: Linezolid inhibited all Staphylococcus aureus at ≤2 mg/L, with MIC50 results of 1 mg/L, regardless of methicillin resistance. A similar linezolid MIC50 result (i.e. 0.5 mg/L) was observed against CoNS, with the vast majority of isolates (99.4%) also inhibited at ≤2 mg/L. Six CoNS that exhibited elevated linezolid MIC values were found to contain alterations in the 23S rRNA and/or L3 ribosomal protein. Linezolid exhibited consistent modal MIC and MIC50 results (1 mg/L) against enterococci, regardless of species or vancomycin resistance. Three Enterococcus faecalis from Galway and Dublin (Ireland) and Kelantan (Malaysia) showed MIC results of 4 to 8 mg/L and carried optrA. All Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans-group streptococci and β-haemolytic streptococci were inhibited by linezolid at ≤2, ≤2 and ≤1 mg/L, respectively, with equivalent MIC90 results (1 mg/L for all groups).

    CONCLUSIONS: These results document the continued long-term and stable in vitro potency of linezolid and reveal a limited number of isolates with decreased susceptibility to linezolid (i.e. MIC ≥4 mg/L). The latter isolates primarily showed mutations in the 23S rRNA gene and/or L3 protein, but cfr was not detected. Moreover, this study shows that isolates carrying the newly described ABC transporter optrA are not restricted to China.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/pharmacology*
  5. Gan YK, Azmi AZ, Ghani SA, Samsudin A
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 06;72(3):197-198.
    PMID: 28733571 MyJurnal
    This case report discusses the rare association of cerebral abscess related to conjunctivitis in an otherwise healthy child. A 6 year old boy presented with conjunctivitis was treated with topical antibiotics and resolved after a week. Conjunctival swab cultures grew MRSA. A month later he developed status epileptics and CT scans revealed a large cerebral abscess. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics which covered for MRSA, along with an incision and drainage for the cerebral abscess. Pus cultures grew MRSA. The patient recovered well with no disturbance in visual acuity or visual field. On post-operative follow ups, he had no other neurological deficit apart from a slight limp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/administration & dosage; Linezolid/therapeutic use
  6. Basri DF, Sandra V
    Int J Microbiol, 2016;2016:5249534.
    PMID: 27006659 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5249534
    Canarium odontophyllum (CO) Miq. has been considered as one of the most sought-after plant species in Sarawak, Malaysia, due to its nutritional and pharmacological benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction of crude methanol and acetone extracts from CO leaves in combination with oxacillin, vancomycin, and linezolid, respectively, against MRSA ATCC 33591 as preliminary study has reported its potential antistaphylococcal activity. The broth microdilution assay revealed that both methanol and acetone extracts were bactericidal with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 312.5 μg/mL and 156.25 μg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 625 μg/mL and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) indices were obtained via the chequerboard dilution assay where methanol extract-oxacillin, acetone extract-oxacillin, methanol extract-linezolid, and acetone extract-linezolid combinations exhibited synergism (FIC index ≤ 0.5). The synergistic action of the methanol extract-oxacillin combination was verified by time-kill analysis where bactericidal effect was observed at concentration of 1/8 × MIC of both compounds at 9.6 h compared to oxacillin alone. As such, these findings postulated that both extracts exert their anti-MRSA mechanism of action similar to that of vancomycin and provide evidence that the leaves of C. odontophyllum have the potential to be developed into antistaphylococcal agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid
  7. Elghaieb H, Tedim AP, Abbassi MS, Novais C, Duarte B, Hassen A, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2020 01 01;75(1):30-35.
    PMID: 31605129 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz419
    OBJECTIVES: Increasing numbers of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus carrying optrA are being reported across different niches worldwide. We aimed to characterize the first optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis obtained from food-producing animals and retail meat samples in Tunisia.

    METHODS: Seven optrA-carrying E. faecalis obtained from chicken faeces (n=3, August 2017) and retail chicken meat (n=4, August 2017) in Tunisia were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion, broth microdilution and Etest against 13 antibiotics, linezolid and tedizolid, respectively (EUCAST/CLSI). optrA stability (∼600 bacterial generations), transfer (filter mating) and location (S1-PFGE/hybridization) were characterized. WGS (Illumina-HiSeq) was done for four representatives that were analysed through in silico and genomic mapping tools.

    RESULTS: Four MDR clones carrying different virulence genes were identified in chicken faeces (ST476) and retail meat (the same ST476 clone plus ST21 and ST859) samples. MICs of linezolid and tedizolid were stably maintained at 8 and 1-2 mg/L, respectively. optrA was located in the same transferable chromosomal Tn6674-like element in ST476 and ST21 clones, similar to isolates from pigs in Malaysia and humans in China. ST859 carried a non-conjugative plasmid of ∼40 kb with an impB-fexA-optrA segment, similar to plasmids from pigs and humans in China.

    CONCLUSIONS: The same chromosomal and transferable Tn6674-like element was identified in different E. faecalis clones from humans and animals. The finding of retail meat contaminated with the same linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strain obtained from a food-producing animal highlights the potential role of the food chain in the worrisome dissemination of optrA that can be stably maintained without selective pressure over generations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid/pharmacology*
  8. Lee C
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2008 Dec;32 Suppl 4:S197-9.
    PMID: 19134519 DOI: 10.1016/S0924-8579(09)70002-0
    Multidrug microbial resistance poses major challenges to the management of infection, particularly with the paucity of new drugs with activity against these bacteria. Since the turn of this century a few new antibiotics have been licensed, including linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline. This supplement reports data presented at the 13th International Congress of Infectious Diseases held in Kuala Lumpur in June 2008. Dr R. Isturiz reviews the data on global resistance trends and the potential impact on empirical therapy; Dr J.-H. Song reviews new agents on the antimicrobial horizon; and the final paper in the supplement, by Dr L.R. Peterson, reviews the role of tigecycline in the management of complicated intra-abdominal and skin and soft tissue infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid
  9. Atshan SS, Nor Shamsudin M, Lung LT, Sekawi Z, Pei Pei C, Karunanidhi A, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:515712.
    PMID: 24455699 DOI: 10.1155/2013/515712
    This study evaluated whether genotypically different clinical isolates of S. aureus have similar susceptibilities to individual antibiotics. It further aims to check the impact of biofilm on the in vitro activity of vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline against S. aureus clones. The study used a total of 60 different clinical MSSA and MRSA isolates. Susceptibilities were performed in planktonic cultures by macrobroth dilution and epsilon-test (E test) system. Biofilm production was determined using an adherent plate assay. The efficacy of antimicrobial activities against biofilms formation was checked using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The study found that similar and different spa, MLST, and SCCmec types displayed high variation in their susceptibilities to antibiotics with tigecycline and daptomycin being the most effective. The biofilms were found resistant to high concentrations of most antibiotics tested with daptomycin being the most effective drug used in adhesive biofilms. A considerable difference exists among similar and various clone types against antibiotics tested. This variation could have contributed to the degree of virulence even within the same clonal genotype and enhanced heterogeneity in the infection potential. Thus, the development of a rapid and precise identification profile for each clone in human infections is important.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid
  10. Zubaidah AW, Ariza A, Azmi S
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):487-9.
    PMID: 17243529 MyJurnal
    Hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were first reported in the late 1980s and have since been an increasing problem worldwide. Kuala Lumpur Hospital thus far, to the best of our knowledge has been spared from this pathogen. We describe the first confirmed case of Enterococcus faecium exhibiting the van A phenotype in our hospital, in a patient with chronic renal failure who was successfully treated with linezolid. The microbiology laboratory plays an important role in the identification and detection of VRE.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linezolid
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