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Fulltext Reliability, agreement, and validity of digital weighing scale with MatScan in limb load measurement

Kumar SN, Omar B, Htwe O, Joseph LH, Krishnan J, Jafarzedah Esfehani A, et al.

J Rehabil Res Dev, 2014;51(4):591-8.
PMID: 25144172 DOI: 10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0166

Limb loading measurements serve as an objective evaluation of asymmetrical weight bearing in the lower limb. Digital weighing scales (DWSs) could be used in clinical settings for measurement of static limb loading. However, ambiguity exists whether limb loading measurements of DWSs are comparable with a standard tool such as MatScan. A cross-sectional study composed of 33 nondisabled participants was conducted to investigate the reliability, agreement, and validity of DWSs with MatScan in static standing. Amounts of weight distribution and plantar pressure on the individual lower limb were measured using two DWSs (A, B) and MatScan during eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. The results showed that intra- and interrater reliability (3, 1) were excellent (0.94-0.97) within and between DWS A and B. Bland-Altman plot revealed good agreement between DWS and MatScan in EO and EC conditions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was significant and identified as 0.68 (p = 0.01). The measurements obtained with DWSs are valid and in agreement with MatScan measurements. Hence, DWSs could be used interchangeably with MatScan and could provide clinicians an objective measurement of limb loading suitable for clinical settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology*
Compression and texture in socks enhance football kicking performance

Hasan H, Davids K, Chow JY, Kerr G

Hum Mov Sci, 2016 Aug;48:102-11.
PMID: 27155962 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.04.008

The purpose of this study was to observe effects of wearing textured insoles and clinical compression socks on organisation of lower limb interceptive actions in developing athletes of different skill levels in association football. Six advanced learners and six completely novice football players (15.4±0.9years) performed 20 instep kicks with maximum velocity, in four randomly organised insoles and socks conditions, (a) Smooth Socks with Smooth Insoles (SSSI); (b) Smooth Socks with Textured Insoles (SSTI); (c) Compression Socks with Smooth Insoles (CSSI) and (d), Compression Socks with Textured Insoles (CSTI). Reflective markers were placed on key anatomical locations and the ball to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) movement recording and analysis. Data on 3D kinematic variables and initial ball velocity were analysed using one-way mixed model ANOVAs. Results revealed that wearing textured and compression materials enhanced performance in key variables, such as the maximum velocity of the instep kick and increased initial ball velocity, among advanced learners compared to the use of non-textured and compression materials. Adding texture to football boot insoles appeared to interact with compression materials to improve kicking performance, captured by these important measures. This improvement in kicking performance is likely to have occurred through enhanced somatosensory system feedback utilised for foot placement and movement organisation of the lower limbs. Data suggested that advanced learners were better at harnessing the augmented feedback information from compression and texture to regulate emerging movement patterns compared to novices.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology
Fulltext The impact of work rest scheduling for prolonged standing activity

Rahman IA, Mohamad N, Rohani JM, Zein RM

Ind Health, 2018 Nov 21;56(6):492-499.
PMID: 30210096 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0043

Prolonged standing can cause discomfort on the body of the workers and can lead to injury and occupational disease. One of the ergonomic intervention is through improving the work-rest scheduling. The purpose of this study are to identify the fatigue level from the perception of the worker and to investigate the impact of the work-rest scheduling to the standing workers for 12 h working time with a different gender. This study involved two methods which are self-assessment of the worker and direct measurement by using electromyography (EMG). For self-assessment, 80 workers have been interviewed using questionnaire in order to identify the fatigue level. For direct measurement, EMG was attached to the 15 selected workers at their respective leg and lower back to analyse the muscle efforts. In terms of perception, the results show the discomfort and fatigue level at the lower body region in the following order as foot ankle, lower back and leg. There is a significant difference between gender on discomfort pain for foot ankle and leg. The results show short frequent break by 10 min can reduce the fatigue at the leg and infrequent long break is preferable in order to reduce the fatigue at the lower back. In conclusion, it was found that prolonged standing affect the muscle fatigue and discomfort especially lower extremities such as foot ankle, lower back and leg. Besides that, different type of work rest scheduling and gender have significant result towards the muscle fatigue development.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology
Contralateral Obturator Nerve to Femoral Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Knee Extension After Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Case Report

Doi K, Sem SH, Hattori Y, Sakamoto S, Hayashi K, Maruyama A

JBJS Case Connect, 2019 Dec;9(4):e0073.
PMID: 31850914 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.19.00073

CASE: A 7-year-old boy presented with left femoral and obturator nerves (ONs) palsy after an asthmatic attack with a viral prodrome, and his right lower limb was unaffected. He was diagnosed with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) after positive spinal magnetic resonance imaging findings. After contralateral ON to femoral nerve transfer (CONFNT), his left quadriceps was reinnervated at 5.5 months, full knee extension was recovered at 14 months, and good functional outcomes were achieved at 31 months.
CONCLUSIONS: This first clinical report on CONFNT demonstrated a feasible good alternative in treating young patients with AFM with unilateral L2-L4 palsy and short duration of deficit.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology
Fulltext Clinical Implications of Hand Position and Lower Limb Length Measurement Method on Y-Balance Test Scores and Interpretations

Hébert-Losier K

J Athl Train, 2017 Oct;52(10):910-917.
PMID: 28937801 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.8.02

CONTEXT: The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test (LQ-YBT) was developed to provide an effective and efficient screen for injury risk in sports. Earlier protocol recommendations for the LQ-YBT involved the athlete placing the hands on the hips and the clinician normalizing scores to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral malleolus. The updated LQ-YBT protocol recommends the athlete's hands be free moving and the clinician measure lower limb length to the medial malleolus.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hand position and lower limb length measurement method on LQ-YBT scores and their interpretation.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: National Sports Institute of Malaysia.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 46 volunteers, consisting of 23 men (age = 25.7 ± 4.6 years, height = 1.70 ± 0.05 m, mass = 69.3 ± 9.2 kg) and 23 women (age = 23.5 ± 2.5 years, height = 1.59 ± 0.07 m, mass = 55.7 ± 10.6 kg).
INTERVENTION(S): Participants performed the LQ-YBT with hands on hips and hands free to move on both lower limbs.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): In a single-legged stance, participants reached with the contralateral limb in each of the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions 3 times. Maximal reach distances in each direction were normalized to lower limb length measured from the anterior-superior iliac spine to the lateral and medial malleoli. Composite scores (average of the 3 normalized reach distances) and anterior-reach differences (in raw units) were extracted and used to identify participants at risk for injury (ie, anterior-reach difference ≥4 cm or composite score ≤94%). Data were analyzed using paired t tests, Fisher exact tests, and magnitude-based inferences (effect size [ES], ±90% confidence limits [CLs]).
RESULTS: Differences between hand positions in normalized anterior-reach distances were trivial (t91 = -2.075, P = .041; ES = 0.12, 90% CL = ±0.10). In contrast, reach distances were greater when the hands moved freely for the normalized posteromedial (t91 = -6.404, P < .001; ES = 0.42, 90% CL = ±0.11), posterolateral (t91 = -6.052, P < .001; ES = 0.58, 90% CL = ±0.16), and composite (t91 = -7.296, P < .001; ES = 0.47, 90% CL = ±0.11) scores. A similar proportion of the cohort was classified as at risk with the hands on the hips (35% [n = 16]) and the hands free to move (43% [n = 20]; P = .52). However, the participants classified as at risk with the hands on the hips were not all categorized as at risk with the hands free to move and vice versa. The lower limb length measurement method exerted trivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Hand position exerted nontrivial effects on LQ-YBT outcomes and interpretation, whereas the lower limb length measurement method had trivial effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology*
Fulltext A fuzzy controller for lower limb exoskeletons during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movement using wearable sensors

Reza SM, Ahmad N, Choudhury IA, Ghazilla RA

Sensors (Basel), 2014 Mar 04;14(3):4342-63.
PMID: 24599193 DOI: 10.3390/s140304342

Human motion is a daily and rhythmic activity. The exoskeleton concept is a very positive scientific approach for human rehabilitation in case of lower limb impairment. Although the exoskeleton shows potential, it is not yet applied extensively in clinical rehabilitation. In this research, a fuzzy based control algorithm is proposed for lower limb exoskeletons during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) are acquired from the vastus lateralis muscle using a wearable EMG sensor. The resultant acceleration angle along the z-axis is determined from a kinematics sensor. Twenty volunteers were chosen to perform the experiments. The whole experiment was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, acceleration angles and EMG data were acquired from the volunteers during both sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit motions. During sit-to-stand movements, the average acceleration angle at activation was 11°-48° and the EMG varied from -0.19 mV to +0.19 mV. On the other hand, during stand-to-sit movements, the average acceleration angle was found to be 57.5°-108° at the activation point and the EMG varied from -0.32 mV to +0.32 mV. In the second phase, a fuzzy controller was designed from the experimental data. The controller was tested and validated with both offline and real time data using LabVIEW.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/physiology*