Chronic Granulomatous Mastitis (CGM) is a rare disorder and this generally occurs in young women with a recent history of lactation. Development of this disease in nulliparous women are rare with an incidence of 10%. Axillary lymphadenopathy is seen in 15% of cases diagnosed with CGM. We present a case of CGM in a 23- year-old nulliparous woman presenting with a breast mass and multiple axillary lymphadenopathy. To the best of our knowledge there are no documented cases of both these rare clinical features occurring simultaneously. The use of oral steroids prevented surgery and effectively induced remission.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the features and treatment outcomes of IgG4-RD in multi-ethnic patients in Singapore.
METHODS: Retrospective study was performed on IgG4-RD patients identified from patient databases in a tertiary hospital.
RESULTS: Fourty-two patients (76% male) were included; 79% fulfilled the 2011 comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD for definite IgG4-RD. 81% were Chinese and 19% were Malays. Common initial manifestations included jaundice (52%), abdominal pain (36%) and swollen salivary glands (26%). Only 36% had a history of allergy. 83% had ≥ 1 organ involvement. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunoglobulin E, IgG2 and IgG4 levels were elevated in 84%, 100%, 70% and 44% of patients, respectively. The most common histopathological feature was >10 IgG4+ cells per high power field (66%). 94% (34/36) of patients were treated with moderate to high doses of glucocorticoids, including 17 patients with combination immunosuppressants. Of these, all patients responded to therapy by 3 months. With a median (range) follow-up of 4.1 (0.4-13.8) years, 69% (25/36) needed low dose of glucocorticoids to maintain disease remission. Twenty-six per cent had relapse of disease, of which 82% had disease recurrence in the same organs.
CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatitis, lymphoadenopathy and cholangitis were the commonest manifestations in Asians with IgG4-RD. All patients responded to glucocorticoid therapy by 3 months, two-thirds required maintenance therapy with glucocorticoids, and one-quarter developed relapse of disease.