Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 37 in total

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  1. A review of the status of foot and mouth disease in South-East Asia and approaches to control and eradication
    Gleeson LJ
    Rev. - Off. Int. Epizoot., 2002 Dec;21(3):465-75.
    PMID: 12530354
    The author presents reports of foot and mouth disease (FMD) submitted between 1996 and 2001 to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE: World organisation for animal health) Sub-Commission for FMD in South-East Asia. Of the ten countries in South-East Asia, FMD is endemic in seven (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) and three are free of the disease (Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore). Part of the Philippines is also recognised internationally as being free of FMD. From 1996 to 2001, serotype O viruses caused outbreaks in all seven of the endemically infected countries. On the mainland, three different type O lineages have been recorded, namely: the South-East Asian (SEA) topotype, the pig-adapted or Cathay topotype and the pan-Asian topotype. Prior to 1999, one group of SEA topotype viruses occurred in the eastern part of the region and another group in the western part. However, in 1999, the pan-Asian lineage was introduced to the region and has become widespread. The Cathay topotype was reported from Vietnam in 1997 and is the only FMD virus currently endemic in the Philippines. Type Asia 1 has never been reported from the Philippines but was reported from all countries on the mainland except Vietnam between 1996 and 2001. Type A virus has not been reported from east of the Mekong River in the past six years and seems to be mainly confined to Thailand with occasional spillover into Malaysia. The distribution and movement of FMD viruses in the region is a reflection of the trade-driven movement of livestock. There is great disparity across the region in the strength and resources of the animal health services and this has a direct impact on FMD control. Regulatory environments are not well developed and enforcement of regulations can be ineffectual. The management of animal movement is quite variable across the region and much market-driven transboundary movement of livestock is unregulated. Formal quarantine approaches are generally not supported by traders or are not available. Vaccination is not used widely as a control tool because of the expense. However, it is applied by the Veterinary Services in Malaysia to control incursions of the disease and there is a mass vaccination programme for large ruminants in Thailand where the Government produces and distributes vaccine. Vaccination is also used by the commercial pig sector, particularly in the Philippines and Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  2. An investigation of the seroprevalence of CrimeanCongo Hemorrhagic Fever and Lumpy Skin Disease in domesticated water buffaloes in northern Turkey
    Okur-Gumusova S, Tamer C, Ozan E, Cavunt A, Kadi H, Muftuoglu B, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Mar 01;37(1):165-173.
    PMID: 33612727
    This study was conducted in Samsun Province of Turkey to investigate the serological status of domesticated water buffaloes for both Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). Serum was collected from a total of 272 water buffaloes from different age groups and both genders; of the total, 48.1% had been vaccinated against LSD with heterologous sheep-goat pox vaccine. The serum samples were individually assessed by using a commercial ID screen enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) to detect neutralizing antibodies against both CCHF virus and LSD virus. All 272 buffaloes were negative for antibodies against the CCHF virus. All the unvaccinated buffaloes (141) were seronegative for LSD virus but of the 131 vaccinated buffaloes, 10 (7.6%) were seropositive for the LSD virus. In addition, 8.6% of vaccinated animals age >1 year old were seropositive for LSD, whereas the seropositivity was 5.1% for the animals age <= 1 year old. There was no significant difference for seropositivity between male and female animals in the >1 year old or <= 1 year old age groups. When seroprevalances for LSD in the tested water buffaloes are evaluated by gender, there was a significant difference between females (8.6%) and males (0%) in the <1 year old water buffaloes (X2=20.24; P<0.001). Separately, the results of this study indicate that Bafra district water buffaloes are not infected by CCHFV and LSDV and some of the buffaloes that vaccinated with LSDV did not develop sufficient antibodies to protect them after they were vaccinated for the LSD virus. Furthermore, the authors of this study conclude that both the commercially produced vaccine that is currently administered and the vaccination strategy have to be urgently evaluated by the veterinary authorities in Turkey. This is essential in order to combat the spread of LSD virus infection with an effective vaccine and a comprehensive management strategy across Turkey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  3. Fulltext Comparison of serum and oral fluid antibody responses after vaccination with a modified live (MLV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PPRSV) vaccine in PRRS endemic farms
    Kuiek AM, Ooi PT, Yong CK, Ng CF
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2015 Oct;47(7):1337-42.
    PMID: 26070293 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0868-6
    Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that is both highly contagious and of great economic importance in Malaysia. Therefore, reliable and improved diagnostic methods are needed to facilitate disease surveillance. This study compared PRRSV antibody responses in oral fluid versus serum samples following PRRS modified live (MLV) vaccination using commercial antibody ELISA kits (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.). The study involved two pig farms located in Perak and Selangor, Malaysia. Both farms were vaccinated with PRRS MLV 1 month prior to sample collection. Thirty-five animals were used as subjects in each farm. These 35 animals were divided into 7 different categories: gilts, young sows, old sows, and four weaner groups. Oral fluid and serum samples were collected from these animals individually. In addition, pen oral fluid samples were collected from weaner groups. The oral fluid and serum samples were tested with IDEXX PRRS Oral Fluid Antibody Test Kit and IDEXX PRRS X3 Antibody Test Kit, respectively. The results were based on sample to positive ratio (S/P ratio of the samples). Results revealed a significant and positive correlation between serum and oral fluid samples for both farm A (p = 0.0001, r = 0.681) and farm B (p = 0.0001, r = 0.601). In general, oral fluids provided higher S/P results than serum, but the patterns of response were highly similar, especially for the sow groups. Thus, the use of oral fluids in endemic farms is effective and economical, particularly for large herds. In conclusion, the authors strongly recommend the use of oral fluids for PRRS monitoring in endemic farms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  4. Fulltext Development and immunogenic potentials of chitosan-saponin encapsulated DNA vaccine against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus
    Bande F, Arshad SS, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Moeini H, Khadkodaei S, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2020 Dec;149:104560.
    PMID: 33068733 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104560
    Infectious Bronchitis (IB) is an economically important avian disease that considerably threatens the global poultry industry. This is partly, as a result of its negative consequences on egg production, weight gain as well as mortality rate.The disease is caused by a constantly evolving avian infectious bronchitis virus whose isolates are classified into several serotypes and genotypes that demonstrate little or no cross protection. In order to curb the menace of the disease therefore, broad based vaccines are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to develop a recombinant DNA vaccine candidate for improved protection of avian infectious bronchitis in poultry. Using bioinformatics and molecular cloning procedures, sets of monovalent and bivalent DNA vaccine constructs were developed based on the S1 glycoprotein from classical and variants IBV strains namely, M41 and CR88 respectively. The candidate vaccine was then encapsulated with a chitosan and saponin formulated nanoparticle for enhanced immunogenicity and protective capacity. RT-PCR assay and IFAT were used to confirm the transcriptional and translational expression of the encoded proteins respectively, while ELISA and Flow-cytometry were used to evaluate the immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine following immunization of various SPF chicken groups (A-F). Furthermore, histopathological changes and virus shedding were determined by quantitative realtime PCR assay and lesion scoring procedure respectively following challenge of various subgroups with respective wild-type IBV viruses. Results obtained from this study showed that, groups vaccinated with a bivalent DNA vaccine construct (pBudCR88-S1/M41-S1) had a significant increase in anti-IBV antibodies, CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells responses as compared to non-vaccinated groups. Likewise, the bivalent vaccine candidate significantly decreased the oropharyngeal and cloacal virus shedding (p < 0.05) compared to non-vaccinated control. Chickens immunized with the bivalent vaccine also exhibited milder clinical signs as well as low tracheal and kidney lesion scores following virus challenge when compared to control groups. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that bivalent DNA vaccine co-expressing dual S1 glycoprotein induced strong immune responses capable of protecting chickens against infection with both M41 and CR88 IBV strains. Moreso, it was evident that encapsulation of the vaccine with chitosan-saponin nanoparticle further enhanced immune responses and abrogates the need for multiple booster administration of vaccine. Therefore, the bivalent DNA vaccine could serve as efficient and effective alternative strategy for the control of IB in poultry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  5. Development of a DNA vaccine against chicken anemia virus by using a bicistronic vector expressing VP1 and VP2 proteins of CAV
    Moeini H, Omar AR, Rahim RA, Yusoff K
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2011 May;34(3):227-36.
    PMID: 21146874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2010.11.006
    In the present study, we describe the development of a DNA vaccine against chicken anemia virus. The VP1 and VP2 genes of CAV were amplified and cloned into pBudCE4.1 to construct two DNA vaccines, namely, pBudVP1 and pBudVP2-VP1. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that co-expression of VP1 with VP2 are required to induce significant levels of antibody against CAV. Subsequently, the vaccines were tested in 2-week-old SPF chickens. Chickens immunized with the DNA-plasmid pBudVP2-VP1 showed positive neutralizing antibody titer against CAV. Furthermore, VP1-specific proliferation induction of splenocytes and also high serum levels of Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ were detected in the pBudVP2-VP1-vaccinated chickens. These results suggest that the recombinant DNA plasmid co-expressing VP1 and VP2 can be used as a potential DNA vaccine against CAV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  6. Fulltext Diagnostic and Vaccination Approaches for Newcastle Disease Virus in Poultry: The Current and Emerging Perspectives
    Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Peeters BPH, Omar AR
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:7278459.
    PMID: 30175140 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7278459
    Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most devastating diseases that considerably cripple the global poultry industry. Because of its enormous socioeconomic importance and potential to rapidly spread to naïve birds in the vicinity, ND is included among the list of avian diseases that must be notified to the OIE immediately upon recognition. Currently, virus isolation followed by its serological or molecular identification is regarded as the gold standard method of ND diagnosis. However, this method is generally slow and requires specialised laboratory with biosafety containment facilities, making it of little relevance under epidemic situations where rapid diagnosis is seriously needed. Thus, molecular based diagnostics have evolved to overcome some of these difficulties, but the extensive genetic diversity of the virus ensures that isolates with mutations at the primer/probe binding sites escape detection using these assays. This diagnostic dilemma leads to the emergence of cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) which have so far proven to be promising in terms of rapid, sensitive, and accurate recognition of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates even in mixed infections. As regards disease control strategies, conventional ND vaccines have stood the test of time by demonstrating track record of protective efficacy in the last 60 years. However, these vaccines are unable to block the replication and shedding of most of the currently circulating phylogenetically divergent virulent NDV isolates. Hence, rationally designed vaccines targeting the prevailing genotypes, the so-called genotype-matched vaccines, are highly needed to overcome these vaccination related challenges. Among the recently evolving technologies for the development of genotype-matched vaccines, reverse genetics-based live attenuated vaccines obviously appeared to be the most promising candidates. In this review, a comprehensive description of the current and emerging trends in the detection, identification, and control of ND in poultry are provided. The strengths and weaknesses of each of those techniques are also emphasised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  7. Early infection with Marek's disease virus can jeopardize protection conferred by laryngotracheitis vaccines: a method to study MDV-induced immunosuppression
    Faiz NM, Cortes AL, Guy JS, Fletcher OJ, West M, Montiel E, et al.
    Avian Pathol, 2016 Dec;45(6):606-615.
    PMID: 27207594
    Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphomas and immunosuppression in chickens. MDV-induced immunosuppression (MDV-IS) is divided into two phases: early-MDV-IS occurring mainly in chickens lacking maternal antibodies (MAb) against MDV and associated with lymphoid organ atrophy; and late-MDV-IS occurring once MDV enters latency and during tumour development. Our objectives were to document the impact of late-MDV-IS on commercial poultry (meat-type chickens bearing MAb against MDV and that were vaccinated or unvaccinated against MD) and to optimize a model to study late-MDV-IS under laboratory conditions. The impact of late-MDV-IS was evaluated by assessing the effect of early infection (day of age) with a very virulent plus MDV (vv+MDV) on the efficacy of chicken-embryo-origin (CEO) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus vaccine against ILT challenge. The CEO ILT vaccine was administered in water at 14 days of age and ILT virus (ILTV) challenge was done intratracheally at 30 days of age. Development of ILT was monitored by daily evaluation of clinical signs, development of gross and histological lesions in trachea, and quantification of ILTV transcripts in trachea. Infection with vv+MDV strain 648A resulted in total abrogation of protection conferred by the CEO vaccine against ILTV challenge even in chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with either HVT, HVT+SB-1, or CVI988. Chickens exposed to vv+MDV prior to vaccination with CEO ILTV vaccine had similar (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  8. Effects of immunostimulators of microbial origin on T cells of pigs vaccinated with attenuated vaccine against Aujeszky's disease
    Andrišić M, Žarković I, Šandor K, Vujnović A, Perak Junaković E, Bendelja K, et al.
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 2022 Jan;243:110365.
    PMID: 34920287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110365
    Aujeszky's disease (AD) is a viral infectious disease caused by Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1). Vaccination and eradication of AD in domestic pigs is possible using marker vaccines with attenuated or inactivated SuHV-1, or subunit vaccines. However, vaccines with attenuated SuHV-1 have shown to be more potent in inducing strong cell-mediated immune response. The studies have shown that Parapoxvirus ovis, as well as Propionibacterium granulosum with lipopolysacharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli have pronounced immunomodulatory effects and that in combination with the vaccines can induce stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than use of vaccines alone. In our study distribution of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations was analysed after administration of vaccine alone (attenuated SuHV-1), immunostimulators (inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis or combination of an inactivated P. granulosum and detoxified LPS of E. coli) and combinations of vaccine with each immunostimulator to the 12-week old piglets. Throughout the study no significant changes were found in the proportions of γδ and most αβ T cell subpopulations analysed. However, on the seventh day of the study combination of an inactivated P. granulosum and LPS of E. coli with vaccine induced transient but significant increase of the proportions of CD4+CD8α+ and CD4-CD8α+ αβ T cells, that have been strongly associated with early protection of SuHV-1 infected pigs. Our findings indicate that combination of inactivated P. granulosum and detoxified E. coli LPS could be used for enhancement of a cellular immune response induced by vaccines against AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  9. Efficacy of Various HVT Vaccines (Conventional and Recombinant) Against Marek's Disease in Broiler Chickens: Effect of Dose and Age of Vaccination
    Gimeno IM, Cortes AL, Faiz N, Villalobos T, Badillo H, Barbosa T
    Avian Dis, 2016 09;60(3):662-8.
    PMID: 27610727 DOI: 10.1637/11415-040116-Reg.1
    Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) has been successfully used as a Marek's disease (MD) vaccine for more than 40 yr. Either alone (broiler chickens) or in combination with vaccines of other serotypes (broilers, broiler breeders, and layers), HVT is used worldwide. In recent years, several vector vaccines based on HVT (rHVT) have been developed. At present, there are both conventional HVT and rHVTs in the market, and it is unknown if all of them confer the same level of protection against MD. The objective of this study was to further characterize the protection conferred by two conventional HVTs (HVT-A and HVT-B) and three recombinant HVTs (rHVT-B, rHVT-C, and rHVT-D) against MD in broiler chickens. In a first study we evaluated the efficacy of two conventional HVTs (HVT-A and HVT-B) administered at different doses (475, 1500, and 4000 PFU) at day of age on the ability to protect against an early challenge with very virulent plus strain 645. In a second experiment we evaluated the protection ability of several HVTs (both conventional and recombinant) when administered in ovo at a dose of 1500 PFU using the same challenge model. Our results show that each HVT product is unique, regardless of being conventional or recombinant, in their ability to protect against MD and might require different PFUs to achieve its maximum efficacy. In Experiment 1, HVT-A at 4000 PFU conferred higher protection (protection index [PI] = 63) than any of the other vaccine protocols (PI ranging from 36 to 47). In Experiment 2, significant differences were found among vaccine protocols with PI varying from 66 (HVT-A) to 15 (rHVT-D). Our results show that each HVT is unique and age at vaccination and vaccine dose greatly affected vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, they highlight the need of following manufacturer's recommendations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  10. Efficacy of an inactivated recombinant vaccine encoding a fimbrial protein of Pasteurella multocida B:2 against hemorrhagic septicemia in goats
    Mohd Yasin IS, Mohd Yusoff S, Mohd ZS, Abd Wahid Mohd E
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2011 Jan;43(1):179-87.
    PMID: 20697957 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9672-5
    This study was carried out to determine the antibody responses and protective capacity of an inactivated recombinant vaccine expressing the fimbrial protein of Pasteurella multocida B:2 following intranasal vaccination against hemorrhagic septicemia in goats. Goats were vaccinated intranasal with 10(6) CFU/mL of the recombinant vaccine (vaccinated group) and 10(6) CFU/mL of pET32/LIC vector without fimbrial protein (control group). All three groups were kept separated before all goats in the three groups were challenged with 10(9) CFU/mL of live pathogenic P. multocida B:2. During the course of study, both serum and lung lavage fluid were collected to evaluate the antibody levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that goats immunized with the inactivated recombinant vaccine developed a strong and significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  11. Efficacy of an outer membrane protein of Pasteurella haemolytica A2, A7 or A9-enriched vaccine against intratracheal challenge exposure in sheep
    Sabri MY, Zamri-Saad M, Mutalib AR, Israf DA, Muniandy N
    Vet Microbiol, 2000 Apr 04;73(1):13-23.
    PMID: 10731614
    The outer membrane proteins (OMP) were extracted from the P. haemolytica A2, A7 and A9 to determine their potential as immunogens and their capability for cross-protection. Sixty lambs of approximately 9 months old were divided into four main groups. Animals in Group 1 were vaccinated with 2ml vaccine containing 100microg/ml of the outer membrane proteins of P. haemolytica A2. Animals in Group 2 were similarly vaccinated with the OMPs of P. haemolytica A7 while Group 3 with OMPs of P. haemolytica A9. Animals in Group 4 were unvaccinated control. During the course of the study, serum was collected to evaluate the antibody levels toward each OMP. There appeared to be good immune responses. However, high antibody levels did not necessarily result in good protection of the animals, particularly against cross-infection with P. haemolytica A9 in animals vaccinated with the OMPs of P. haemolytica A2. It seemed that the antibody responses were more specific toward the homologous challenge but generally did not cross-protect against heterologous serotype challenge. However, the OMPs of P. haemolytica A7 produced good in vivo cross-protection and excellent correlations when good antibody responses against all serotypes led to successful reductions of the extent of lung lesions following homologous and heterologous challenge exposures. Thus, the OMPs of P. haemolytica A7 was effective in protecting animals against homologous and heterologous infection by live P. haemolytica A2, A7 and A9.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  12. Efficacy of intranasal administration of formalin-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A2 against intratracheal challenge in goats
    Effendy AW, Zamri-Saad M, Puspa R, Rosiah S
    Vet Rec, 1998 Apr 18;142(16):428-31.
    PMID: 9595632
    A trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of intranasal vaccination in protecting goats against pneumonic pasteurellosis with intramuscular vaccination using an oil adjuvant vaccine, and a combination of the two methods. Forty goats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was vaccinated twice intranasally with formalin-killed Pasteurella haemolytica A2, group 2 was vaccinated twice intramuscularly with an oil adjuvant vaccine containing P haemolytica A7, and group 3 was initially vaccinated intranasally with the formalin-killed P haemolytica A2 followed by intramuscular vaccination with the oil adjuvant vaccine. In each group the two vaccinations were carried out four weeks apart. Group 4 was the unvaccinated control group. All goats were challenged intratracheally with 4 ml of an inoculum containing live P haemolytica A2 at a concentration of 1.3 x 10(7) colony forming units/ml two weeks after the last vaccination and were killed 14 days after the challenge. Although group 2 showed the highest clinical score following the challenge, deaths were observed only in group 3. Three goats in group 1 had pneumonic lung lesions, compared with six goats in group 2 and all the goats in groups 3 and 4. The lung lesions in group 1 were significantly (P < 0.05) less severe than in groups 3 and 4. Similarly, the lesions in group 2 were markedly less severe than in groups 3 and 4, although the differences were not significant. The difference between the extent of the lung lesions in the goats in groups 1 and 2 was not significant. Antibody against P haemolytica A2 in group 1 reached peak levels and was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in the control group one week after the second vaccination, before declining.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  13. Efficacy of intranasal vaccination of field buffaloes against haemorrhagic septicaemia with a live gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2
    Rafidah O, Zamri-Saad M, Shahirudin S, Nasip E
    Vet Rec, 2012 Aug 18;171(7):175.
    PMID: 22815208 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100403
    The efficacy of an intranasal haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine containing live gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 was tested in buffaloes in Sabah. Sixty buffaloes, kept grazing in the field with minimal human intervention were devided into three groups of 20 buffaloes per group. Buffaloes of group 1 were exposed intranasal to 5 ml vaccine containing 10(6) CFU/ml of live gdhA derivative P multocida B:2. Buffaloes of group 2 were not exposed to the vaccine but exposed to PBS and were allowed to commingle and graze in the same field as the buffaloes of group 1 while buffaloes of group 3 were similarly exposed to PBS and were grazing separately. Booster was on group 1, two weeks later. Twelve months after the first vaccination, three buffaloes from each group were brought into the experimental house and challenged subcutaneously with 10(9) CFU/ml of live wild-type P multocida B:2. All challenged buffaloes of groups 1 and 2 survived with only mild, transient signs while all control unvaccinated buffaloes developed severe signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia and were euthanased between 28 hours and 38 hours postchallenge with signs and lesions typical of haemorrhagic septicaemia. These data showed that the gdhA mutant strain, given intranasally as two doses two weeks apart, successfully induced systemic immunity in exposed buffaloes and also led to spread of vaccine strain to the in-contact animals, where it acted as an effective live vaccine to protect both exposed buffaloes and in-contact buffaloes against challenge with the virulent parent strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  14. Efficacy of live attenuated vaccine derived from the Streptococcus agalactiae on the immune responses of Oreochromis niloticus
    Laith AA, Abdullah MA, Nurhafizah WWI, Hussein HA, Aya J, Effendy AWM, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2019 Jul;90:235-243.
    PMID: 31009810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.052
    Streptococcus agalactiae species have been recognized as the main pathogen causing high mortality in fish leading to significant worldwide economical losses to the aquaculture industries. Vaccine development has become a priority in combating multidrug resistance in bacteria; however, there is a lack of commercial live attenuated vaccine (LAV) against S. agalactiae in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to compare two methods using attenuated bacteria as live vaccine and to evaluate the efficacy of selected LAV on the immune responses and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) against S. agalactiae. The LAV derived from S. agalactiae had been weakened using the chemical agent Acriflavine dye (LAV1), whereas the second vaccine was weakened using serial passages of bacteria on broth media (LAV2). Initial immunization was carried out only on day one, given twice-in the morning and evening, for the 42 day period. Serum samples were collected to determine the systemic antibody (IgM) responses and lysozymal (LSZ) activity using ELISA. On day 43 after immunization, the fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 0.1 mL of S. agalactiae at LD50 = 1.5 × 105 (CFU)/fish. Fish were monitored daily for 10 days. Clinical signs, mortality and the relative percent of survival (RPS) were recorded. Trial 1 results showed a significant increased (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  15. Establishment of lung auscultation scoring method and responses of acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats
    Jesse FFA, Chung ELT, Abba Y, Muniandy KV, Tan AHAR, Maslamany D, et al.
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2019 Feb;51(2):289-295.
    PMID: 30088124 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1683-7
    Pneumonic pasteurellosis is an economically important infectious disease in the small ruminant industry which causes sudden death and loss for farmers. Nonetheless, this disease is still a common sight in sheep and goats in Malaysia, probably due to the unpopular usage of pasteurellosis vaccine or inappropriate vaccination practices. The aim of this study was designed to classify the severity of pneumonia via the establishment of auscultation scoring method and to quantify the acute phase proteins and heat shock proteins responses from vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats. Goat farms, consist of vaccinated and non-vaccinated farms, were selected in this study: where 15 clinically normal healthy goats and 9 pneumonic goats were selected from vaccinated farms whereas 15 clinically normal healthy goats and 31 pneumonic goats from non-vaccinated farms were selected for this study. Crackle lung sounds were not detected in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated normal goats. However, vaccinated pneumonic goats showed mild crackle lung sound while non-vaccinated pneumonic goats exhibited moderate crackle lung sound. There were significant increases (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  16. Evaluation of bovine antibody responses to haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine
    Johnson RB, Dawkins HJ, Spencer TL, Saharee AA, Bahaman AR, Ramdani, et al.
    Res Vet Sci, 1989 Sep;47(2):277-9.
    PMID: 2508206
    ELISA and immunoblotting techniques were used to examine the humoral immune response to Pasteurella multocida, in bovine sera from Indonesia and Malaysia. Elevated levels of antibody to a crude lipopolysaccharide preparation were found in vaccinated animals. In addition to the response to lipopolysaccharide, antibodies from the vaccinated cattle strongly labelled five to six of the 40 protein bands in this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  17. Evaluation of combined Pasteurella vaccines in control of sheep pneumonia
    Chandrasekaran S, Hizat K, Saad Z, Johara MY, Yeap PC
    Br. Vet. J., 1991 Sep-Oct;147(5):437-43.
    PMID: 1959015
    The effectiveness of an oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) incorporating locally isolated strains of Pasteurella haemolytica type 7 and Pasteurella multocida types A and D was compared with that of Carovax (Wellcome Laboratories) in imported cross-bred lambs. The criterion of efficacy was the ability of the vaccines to reduce the extent of pneumonic lesions in vaccinated as against unvaccinated control lambs. The OAV produced at this Institute significantly reduced the lung lesions at P less than 0.05 level compared with its control group when challenged with P. haemolytica alone. However, the vaccine was unsatisfactory against P. multocida or combined P. multocida P. haemolytica challenge. Carovax did not produce any significant reduction in the lung lesions caused by P. haemolytica and/or P. multocida.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
  18. Fulltext Evaluation of the antigen relatedness and efficacy of a single vaccination with different infectious bronchitis virus strains against a challenge with Malaysian variant and QX-like IBV strains
    Ismail MI, Tan SW, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR
    J Vet Sci, 2020 Nov;21(6):e76.
    PMID: 33263227 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e76
    BACKGROUND: The predominant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains detected in chickens in Malaysia are the Malaysian variant (MV) and QX-like, which are associated with respiratory distress, nephropathy, and high mortality. On the other hand, the antigenic relatedness and efficacy of IBV vaccines against these 2 field IBV strains are not well characterized.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the antigen relatedness and efficacy of different IB vaccine strains against a challenge with MV and QX-like strains.

    METHODS: The antigen relatedness and the ability of different IB vaccine strains in conferring protection against MV and QX-like were assessed based on the clinical signs, macroscopic lesions, and ciliary activity.

    RESULTS: The MV strain IBS037A/2014 showed minor antigenic subtype differences with the vaccine virus Mass H120 and 4/91 strains but showed major antigenic subtype differences with the K2 strain. The Malaysian QX-like strain IBS130/2015 showed major antigenic subtype differences with the MV strain IBS037A/2014 and the vaccine strains except for K2. Chickens vaccinated once with Mass (H120) or with non-Mass (4/91 and K2) developed antibody responses with the highest antibody titer detected in the groups vaccinated with H120 and 4/91. The mean ciliary activities of the vaccinated chickens were between 56 to 59% and 48 to 52% in chickens challenged with IBS037A/2014 and IBS130/2015, respectively. The vaccinated and challenged birds showed mild to severe lesions in the lungs and kidneys.

    CONCLUSIONS: Despite the minor antigenic subtype differences, a single inoculation with Mass or non-Mass vaccines could not protect against the MV IBS037A/2014 and QX-like IBS130/2015.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  19. Field trials of a food-based vaccine to protect village chickens against Newcastle disease
    Aini I, Ibrahim AL, Spradbrow PB
    Res Vet Sci, 1990 Sep;49(2):216-9.
    PMID: 2236920
    The food pellet vaccine has been shown to be effective in trials conducted under laboratory and simulated field conditions. The village chickens vaccinated with the food pellet vaccine during the field trial were protected against virulent Newcastle disease virus. The efficacy of the food pellet vaccine in the field was evaluated by challenge trial in which 60 per cent protection was obtained, or by monitoring the incidence of Newcastle disease in vaccinated and unvaccinated birds. There was no report of Newcastle disease outbreaks in the vaccinated birds during the two-year period of the field trial. The ease in administering the food pellet vaccine makes it readily accepted by the farmers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary*
  20. Fusion of HSP70 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to hemagglutinin (H5) gene of avian influenza virus in DNA vaccine enhances its potency
    Rasoli M, Omar AR, Aini I, Jalilian B, Syed Hassan SH, Mohamed M
    Acta Virol., 2010;54(1):33-9.
    PMID: 20201612
    A series of plasmids containing the HSP70 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fused to the hemagglutinin (H5) gene of H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) (H5-HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) vaccine) or individual H5 gene (H5 vaccine) or HSP70 gene (HSP70 vaccine) were constructed based on the plasmid pcDNA3.1. Expression of H5 gene in Vero cells in vitro and in chickens in vivo was confirmed following their transfection and immunization with H5 or H5-HSP70 vaccines. Controls consisted of HSP70 vaccine, empty plasmid pcDNA3.1 and co-administered H5 and HSP70 vaccines. H5-HSP70 vaccine produced in chicken higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer than H5 vaccine. However, the increase was not statistically significant. We have demonstrated for the first time that the H5 DNA vaccine with fused HSP70 gene may produce an enhanced induction of humoral immune response to AIV in chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vaccination/veterinary
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