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Localized amyloidosis in basal cell carcinoma. A pathologic study

Looi LM

Cancer, 1983 Nov 15;52(10):1833-6.
PMID: 6627203

Congo-red screening demonstrated intratumor deposits of amyloid in 35 of 53 unselected cases of basal cell carcinoma. Male subjects had a higher amyloid positivity rate than female subjects. The amyloid deposits were permanganate-resistant and located in the stroma between clumps of tumor cells, as well as abutting the advancing front of the neoplasm. Solar elastosis was often observed in the overlying and adjacent subepidermis. The relationship between amyloid positivity and the different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, tumor ulceration, and density of the lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltrate were also studied. The possibility that amyloid originates from the tumor cells and is a result of tumor apoptosis (degeneration) is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology*
p16 gene expression in basal cell carcinoma

Eshkoor SA, Ismail P, Rahman SA, Oshkour SA

Arch Med Res, 2008 Oct;39(7):668-73.
PMID: 18760195 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.06.003

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) develops predominantly in sun-exposed skin in fair-skinned individuals prone to sunburn. BCC typically occurs in adults. High exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases rate of developing BCC, a slowly growing tumor that occurs in hair-growing squamous epithelium and rarely metastasizes. In genetic studies, BCC patients have cell-cycle abnormalities of different parts of the signaling pathway. Retinoblastoma regulatory pathway is important in cell cycle arrest. In this pathway, p16INK4a, an inhibitor of Rb pathway, binds to CDK4 and CDK6 competitively with cyclin D1 to prevent phosphorylation of tumor suppressor pRB gene. Alteration of this pathway contributes to development of human cancers and also is effective in skin cancers. In this study, we analyzed mRNA expression using in situ RT-PCR and the role of immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a in BCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
Lack of increased P15INK4B protein expression in basal cell carcinomas

Moad AI, Tan ML, Kaur G, Mabruk M

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(12):6239-44.
PMID: 23464438

BACKGROUND: The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). BCC might develop because of the faulty cell cycle arrest. P15INK4b is a tumor suppressor gene, involved in cell cycle arrest and inactivated in most human cancers. The role of p15INK4b protein expression in the genesis of BCC is as yet unknown. In a previous study we showed the absence of p15INK4b expression in the majority of tissue microarray cores of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, indicating that p15INK4b could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC. The aim of this study was to investigate p15INK4b protein expression in BCCs.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: Protein expression of p15INK4b in 35 cases of BCC tissue arrays and 19 cases of normal human skin tissue was studied using an immunohistochemical approach.
RESULTS: The expression of p15INK4b was not significantly different in the BCC cases as compared with normal human skin (p=0.356; p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables of patients (age and sex) and p15INK4b protein expression.
CONCLUSIONS: Our finding may indicate that p15INK4b protein expression does not play a role in the genesis of BCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
Intratumour amyloidosis in Malaysians: an immunohistochemical study

Looi LM

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1986 Jan;15(1):52-6.
PMID: 3010797

Congo red screening of tumour material examined at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya revealed intratumour deposits of amyloid in 12% of nasopharyngeal carcinomas, 66% of basal cell carcinomas, 100% of medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, 56% of islet cell tumours of the pancreas, 1 out of 16 carcinoids and 1 out of 100 thyroid adenomas. All the deposits were permanganate resistant and did not contain AA protein, indicating that what was encountered was not secondary amyloid. The deposits showed variable staining for immunoglobulin light chains and amyloid P component with a standard peroxidase antiperoxidase method. The possibility that intratumour amyloid has a neoplastic origin is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
Clinical characteristics of basal cell carcinoma in a tertiary hospital in Sarawak, Malaysia

Yap FBB

Int J Dermatol, 2010 Feb;49(2):176-9.
PMID: 20465642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04342.x

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer among Orientals. Data on this malignancy is lacking in Malaysia, prompting a retrospective study to determine the clinical characteristics in the skin clinic, Sarawak General Hospital between 2000 and 2008.
METHODS: Demographic data and clinical features of 64 histopathologically proven BCC from 43 patients were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the clinical characteristics based on the region of involvement and gender.
RESULTS: The mean age of presentation was 60.9 years. Male to female ratio was 1.05. Majority of the patients were Chinese (44.2%) followed by Malays (32.6%), Bidayuhs (14.0%) and Ibans (6.9%). Nodular BCC accounted for 95.3% of cases while 4.7% were superficial BCC. All the nodular BCC were pigmented. Ulceration was noted in 18%. There were 82.8% of BCC on the head and neck region and 17.2% on the trunk and limb region. BCC on the latter region were larger (mean 35.0 cf. 14.4 mm, p < 0.001) and ulcerated (45.5% cf. 11.3%, p = 0.01). Superficial BCC were also more frequently encountered in this region (18.2% cf. 1.9%, p = 0.02). Compared to women, men had larger BCC (mean 21.1 cf. 13.3 mm, p = 0.03) and kept them for a longer duration (mean 21.6 cf. 13.3 months, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics of BCC in Sarawak were similar to other Asian studies. Additionally, BCC on the trunk and limbs and in men were larger, ulcerative and long standing warranting better efforts for earlier detection.
Study site: Skin clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology*
Solitary sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn complicated by squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma

Arshad AR, Azman WS, Kreetharan A

Head Neck, 2008 Apr;30(4):544-8.
PMID: 17972311 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20708

BACKGROUND: Sebaceous nevus is a benign congenital epidermal nevus. Its association with basal cell carcinoma is well known.
METHOD: This is a case report of sebaceous carcinoma complicated by both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
RESULTS: The behavior of this tumor is very aggressive, resulting in poor prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: All sebaceous nevi should be excised early.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology*
Nanostructured lipid carrier in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma

Qidwai A, Khan S, Md S, Fazil M, Baboota S, Narang JK, et al.

Drug Deliv, 2016 May;23(4):1476-85.
PMID: 26978275 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165310

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for malignant skin diseases such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), due to its simplicity, enhanced patient compliance, and localization of the residual photosensitivity to the site of application. However, insufficient photosensitizer penetration into the skin is the major issue of concern with topical PDT. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to enable penetration of photosensitizer to the different strata of the skin using a lipid nanocarrier system. We have attempted to develop a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for the topical delivery of second-generation photosensitizer, 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA), whose hydrophilicity and charge characteristic limit its percutaneous absorption. The microemulsion technique was used for preparing 5-ALA-loaded NLC. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency of the optimized NLC of 5-ALA were found to be 185.2 ± 1.20, 0.156 ± 0.02, and 76.8 ± 2.58%, respectively. The results of in vitro release and in vitro skin permeation studies showed controlled drug release and enhanced penetration into the skin, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell line studies respectively demonstrated that encapsulation of 5-ALA in NLC enhanced its ability to reach deeper skin layers and consequently, increased cytotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology