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Bioprospecting of indigenous marine microalgae with ammonium tolerance from aquaculture ponds for microalgae cultivation with ammonium-rich wastewaters

Katayama T, Nagao N, Kasan NA, Khatoon H, Rahman NA, Takahashi K, et al.

J Biotechnol, 2020 Nov 10;323:113-120.
PMID: 32768414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.001

We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis (Bacillariophyceae). Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) in three diatom strain was between 2.6 and 18.6 % of total fatty acids, which were higher than in O. heteromucosa. Only A. coffeiformi possessed arachidonic acid. Oocystis heteromucosa naturally grew at high ammonium concentrations (1.4-10 mM), whereas the growth of the other strains, T. weissflogii and A. coffeiformi, were visibly inhibited at high ammonium concentrations (>1.4 mM-NH4). However, two strains of T. weissflogii were able to grow at up to 10 mM-NH4 by gradually acclimating to higher ammonium concentrations. The ammonium tolerant strains, especially T. weissflogii which have high EPA contents, were identified as a valuable candidate for biomass production utilizing NH4-N media, such as ammonium-rich wastewater.
Fulltext Translation, Adaptation and Cross-Cultural Validation of Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult in Malay Language

Zam Zam TZHBT, Dzulkarnain AAA, Rahmat S, Jusoh M

J Audiol Otol, 2019 Jul;23(3):129-134.
PMID: 30727717 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2018.00395

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach's α (internal reliability), Spearman's correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis.
RESULTS: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing.
CONCLUSIONS: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.
Fulltext The Influence of Feedback in the Simulated Patient Case-History Training among Audiology Students at the International Islamic University Malaysia

Dzulkarnain AAA, Sani MKA, Rahmat S, Jusoh M

J Audiol Otol, 2019 Jul;23(3):121-128.
PMID: 30857383 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2018.00381

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a scant evidence on the use of simulations in audiology (especially in Malaysia) for case-history taking, although this technique is widely used for training medical and nursing students. Feedback is one of the important components in simulations training; however, it is unknown if feedback by instructors could influence the simulated patient (SP) training outcome for case-history taking among audiology students. Aim of the present study is to determine whether the SP training with feedback in addition to the standard role-play and seminar training is an effective learning tool for audiology case-history taking.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six second-year undergraduate audiology students participated. A cross-over study design was used. All students initially attended two hours of seminar and role-play sessions. They were then divided into three types of training, 1) SP training (Group A), 2) SP with feedback (Group B), and 3) a non-additional training group (Group C). After two training sessions, the students changed their types of training to, 1) Group A and C: SP training with feedback, and 2) Group B: non-additional training. All the groups were assessed at three points: 1) pre-test, 2) intermediate, and 3) post-test. The normalized median score differences between and within the respective groups were analysed using non-parametric tests at 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: Groups with additional SP trainings (with and without feedback) showed a significantly higher normalized gain score than no training group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The SP training (with/ without feedback) is a beneficial learning tool for history taking to students in audiology major.
Fulltext Parametric optimization and structural feature analysis of humic acid extraction from lignite

Rashid T, Sher F, Jusoh M, Joya TA, Zhang S, Rasheed T, et al.

Environ Res, 2023 Mar 01;220:115160.
PMID: 36580987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115160

Humic acid (HA) is a complex organic compound made up of small molecules. A variety of raw materials are used to manufacture HA, due to which the structure and composition of HA vary widely. In this study, nitric acid oxidation of two coal samples from Lakhra (Pakistan) was followed by HA extraction using 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5% KOH solutions. The impact of different operating parameters such as; the effect of KOH concentrations, KOH-coal proportion, extraction time and pH range influencing the HA extraction efficiency was optimally investigated. Commercial HA applications possess numerous challenges, including valuable applications and sub-optimal extraction techniques. A significant limitation of conventional experimental methods is that they can only investigate one component at a time. It is necessary to improve the current processing conditions, this can only be achieved by modelling and optimization of the process conditions to meet market demands. A comprehensive evaluation and prediction of HA extraction using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are also being reported for the first time in this study. The maximum HA extraction efficiency of 89.32% and 87.04% for coal samples 1 and 2 respectively was achieved with the lowest possible pH of 1.09 (coal sample 1) and 1(coal sample 2), which is remarkably lower as compared to those reported in the literature for conventional alkaline extraction process. The model was evaluated for two coal samples through the coefficient of determination (R2), Root Means Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Average Error (MEE). The results of RSM for coal sample 1 (R2 = 0.9795, RMSE = 4.784) and coal sample 2 (R2 = 0.9758, RMSE = 4.907) showed that the model is well suited for HA extraction efficiency predictions. The derived humic acid from lignite coal was analyzed using elemental analysis, UV-Visible spectrophotometry and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to analyze the morphological modifications of the extracted HA after treatment with 3.5% KOH solution. For agricultural objectives, such as soil enrichment, enhancing plant growth conditions, and creating green energy solutions, this acquired HA can be made bioactive. This study not only establishes a basis for research into the optimized extraction of HA from lignite coal, but it also creates a new avenue for the efficient and clean use of lignite.
Fulltext Optimized Intelligent Classifier for Early Breast Cancer Detection Using Ultra-Wide Band Transceiver

Halim AAA, Andrew AM, Mustafa WA, Mohd Yasin MN, Jusoh M, Veeraperumal V, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel), 2022 Nov 19;12(11).
PMID: 36428930 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112870

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. The death rate is high because of the lack of early signs. Due to the absence of a cure, immediate treatment is necessary to remove the cancerous cells and prolong life. For early breast cancer detection, it is crucial to propose a robust intelligent classifier with statistical feature analysis that considers parameter existence, size, and location. This paper proposes a novel Multi-Stage Feature Selection with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MSFS-BPSO) using Ultra-Wideband (UWB). A collection of 39,000 data samples from non-tumor and with tumor sizes ranging from 2 to 7 mm was created using realistic tissue-like dielectric materials. Subsequently, the tumor models were inserted into the heterogeneous breast phantom. The breast phantom with tumors was imaged and represented in both time and frequency domains using the UWB signal. Consequently, the dataset was fed into the MSFS-BPSO framework and started with feature normalization before it was reduced using feature dimension reduction. Then, the feature selection (based on time/frequency domain) using seven different classifiers selected the frequency domain compared to the time domain and continued to perform feature extraction. Feature selection using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is able to distinguish between class-correlated data. Finally, the optimum feature subset was selected using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier with the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) method. The research findings found that the MSFS-BPSO method has increased classification accuracy up to 96.3% and given good dependability even when employing an enormous data sample.
Fulltext Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Clustering Pattern Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Accessions for the Perfection of Yield and Yield-Related Traits

Khan MMH, Rafii MY, Ramlee SI, Jusoh M, Mamun A

Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:2195797.
PMID: 33415143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2195797

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is considered an emerging crop for the future and known as a crop for the new millennium. The core intention of this research work was to estimate the variation of landraces of Bambara groundnut considering their 14 qualitative and 27 numerical traits, to discover the best genotype fitted in Malaysia. The findings of the ANOVA observed a highly significant variation (p ≤ 0.01) for all the traits evaluated. There was a substantial variation (7.27 to 41.21%) coefficient value, and 14 out of the 27 numerical traits noted coefficient of variation (CV) ≥ 20%. Yield (kg/ha) disclosed positively strong to perfect high significant correlation (r = 0.75 to 1.00; p ≤ 0.001) with traits like fresh pod weight, dry pod weight, and dry seed weight. The topmost PCV and GCV values were estimated for biomass dry (41.09%) and fresh (40.53%) weight with high heritability (Hb) and genetic advance (GA) Hb = 95.19%, GA = 80.57% and Hb = 98.52%, GA = 82.86%, respectively. The topmost heritability was recorded for fresh pod weight (99.89%) followed by yield (99.75%) with genetic advance 67.95% and 62.03%, respectively. The traits with Hb ≥ 60% and GA ≥ 20% suggested the least influenced by the environment as well as governed by the additive genes and direct selection for improvement of such traits can be beneficial. To estimate the genetic variability among accessions, the valuation of variance components, coefficients of variation, heritability, and genetic advance were calculated. To authenticate the genetic inequality, an unweighted pair group produced with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis was executed based on their measurable traits that could be a steadfast method for judging the degree of diversity. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, constructed five distinct clusters and 44 accessions from clusters II and IV consider an elite type of genotypes that produce more than one ton yield per hectare land with desirable traits. This study exposed an extensive disparity among the landraces and the evidence on genetic relatives will be imperative in using the existing germplasm for Bambara groundnut varietal improvement. Moreover, this finding will be beneficial for breeders to choose the desirable numerical traits of V. subterranea in their future breeding program.
Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders symptoms among Malaysian probands: A preliminary study

Jusoh M, Dzulkarnain AAA, Rahmat S, Musa R, Che Azemin MZ

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2021 Jun;13(2):e12414.
PMID: 32815284 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12414

The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) symptoms (M-SNAP-IV). For this purpose, the SNAP-IV scale was translated into the Malay language and was pilot-tested on 91 parents of children aged 8 to 11 years (ADHD [n = 36] and non-ADHD children [n = 55]). The findings depicted that the M-SNAP-IV has excellent content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The M-SNAP-IV is a valid and reliable screening tool to detect ADHD symptoms in children and has the advantages to assess the specific presentation of ADHD.
Gibberellin Promotes Cell Growth and Induces Changes in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Upregulates Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Genes in Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1

Jusoh M, Loh SH, Aziz A, Cha TS

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2019 Jun;188(2):450-459.
PMID: 30536033 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02937-4

Microalgae lipids and oils are potential candidates for renewable biofuels and nutritional inventions. Recent studies from our lab have shown that two plant hormones, auxin and jasmonic acid, influence microalgae growth and fatty acid accumulation. Therefore, in this study, a high oil-producing strain Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1 was selected for hormonal study using gibberellin (GA). Exogenous GA3 was applied to early stationary culture of C. vulgaris UMT-M1. Results showed that GA3 gradually increases the cell density of C. vulgaris to up to 42% on days after treatment (DAT)-8 and also capable of delaying the algal senescence. However, the increment in cell density did not enhance the total oil production albeit transient modification of fatty acid compositions was observed for saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. This illustrates that GA3 only promotes cell division and growth but not the oil accumulation. In addition, application of GA3 in culture medium was shown to promote transient increment of palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids from DAT-4 to DAT-6 and these changes are correlated with the expression of β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KAS I) gene.