Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 85 in total

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  1. Loo PW, Furnham A
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2012 Sep;5(3):236-45.
    PMID: 22981052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.003
    The study compared knowledge and beliefs about depression among urban and rural Chinese in a Malaysian sample. A total of 409 participants were asked to identify cases of depression varying in intensity from two vignettes and rate their beliefs regarding a list of possible causes and treatments for depression. The urban Chinese were more likely to identify depression as the problem in the vignette. Beliefs about causes of depression were factored into five components, whereas beliefs about treatment for depression factored into four components. The results indicated that the causes most strongly endorsed were stress and pressure, and standard treatments rated the highest as treatments for depression. Overall, depression literacy was moderate for Chinese Malaysians. The results are discussed in relation to Chinese cultural beliefs about depression. Limitations of this preliminary study were acknowledged.
  2. Mahmood S, Siraji MA, Naher R, Arató N, Kaló Z
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2023 Feb 17;83:103514.
    PMID: 36906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103514
    BACKGROUND: The assessment of bullying-related attributes is vital in developing anti-bullying intervention and prevention programs. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) is one tool that has been widely used for this purpose. Thus, as we noticed a rising interest in research on bullying and there is a scarcity of proper psychometric tools to assess bullying-related attributes in Bangladesh, our study aimed to translate the OBVQ-R and test the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of this questionnaire on a large Bangladeshi adolescent sample.

    METHOD: In Bangladesh, we collected data from grade 8-10 students (N = 567, 309 females, 258 males, AgeMean±SD=15.12 ± 0.81). The participants completed Bangla OBVQ-R, Beck Youth Inventory (BYI), and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale-13 (CRIES-13).

    RESULTS: The item response theory (IRT) analysis discarded five items and retained 15 items (Victimization=8, Perpetration=7). Both subscales had items with high discrimination (Victimization: 3.14 ± 0.67; Perpetration: 3.40 ± 1.04). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a correlated two-factor model (CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99). Both subscales (Victimization and Perpetration) and the 15-item full scale exhibited satisfactory reliability (>0.80). In line with our predictions, both subscales demonstrated significant positive correlations with BYI and CRIES-13, indicating satisfactory concurrent validity.

    CONCLUSION: The results of the psychometric analyses supported the reliability and validity of the 15-item Bangla-version OBVQ-R to assess bullying involvement. Hence, this new, adapted measurement can facilitate further bullying research in Bangladesh and, thus, the development of prevention and intervention programs.

  3. Yusoff MS, Yaacob MJ, Naing NN, Esa AR
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Feb;6(1):60-5.
    PMID: 23380320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.001
    This study evaluated the convergent, discriminant, construct, concurrent and discriminative validity of the Medical Student Wellbeing Index (MSWBI) as well as to evaluate its internal consistency and optimal cut-off total scores to detect at least moderate levels of general psychological distress, stress, anxiety and depression symptoms. A cross sectional study was done on 171 medical students. The MSWBI and DASS-21 were administered and returned immediately upon completion. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, ROC analysis and Pearson correlation test were applied to assess psychometric properties of the MSWBI. A total of 168 (98.2%) medical students responded. The goodness of fit indices showed the MSWBI had a good construct (χ(2)=6.14, p=0.803, RMSEA<0.001, RMR=0.004, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.97, CFI=1.00, IFI=1.02, TLI=1.04). The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.69 indicating an acceptable level of internal consistency. Pearson correlation coefficients and ROC analysis suggested each MSWBI's item showed adequate convergent and discriminant validity. Its optimal cut-off scores to detect at least moderate levels of general psychological distress, stress, anxiety, and depression were 1.5, 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 respectively with sensitivity and specificity ranged from 62 to 80% and the areas under ROC curve ranged from 0.71 to 0.83. This study showed that the MSWBI had good level of psychometric properties. The MSWBI score more than 2 can be considered as having significant psychological distress. The MSWBI is a valid and reliable screening instrument to assess psychological distress of medical students.
  4. Hasan SS, Thiruchelvam K, Ahmed SI, Clavarino AM, Mamun AA, Kairuz T
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2016 Oct;23:56-63.
    PMID: 27969080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.005
    Anxiety and depression are more common among females and those experiencing diabetes and menopause. Menopausal symptoms experienced by women can vary tremendously from population to population; therefore, there is a need to investigate these symptoms and associated risk factors in different communities. This study investigated the differences in psychological health and menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) between women with and without diabetes type 2 (T2DM) in Malaysia. Women with T2DM (n=320) were matched by age range to controls without T2DM (n=320). Data were collected from March 2012 to January 2013. Delusions Symptoms States Inventory (DSSI) instrument was used to identify symptoms of depression and anxiety. Women with diabetes had higher depressive (11.8% versus 8.4%) and anxiety (8.4% versus 6.6%) symptoms compared to women without diabetes. In both groups, the most common menopausal symptom was aches (muscles and joints). Women without diabetes had significantly higher scores for the sexual domain compared to women with diabetes (4.20 versus 3.21, p=0.001). The odds that a postmenopausal woman with diabetes was depressed or anxious on the DSSI scale increased significantly when the MENQOL score on the physical, vasomotor, and psychosocial domains increased by one unit. Both diabetes and psychological problems have negative impact on MENQOL. Our findings support the view of screening postmenopausal women with diabetes for depressive and anxiety, to improve overall quality of life.
  5. Kurniawan L, Sutanti N, Ningsih R, Wulandari NY, Ahmad AB, Kee P, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2022 Sep;75:103226.
    PMID: 35926297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103226
  6. Somasundaram O
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Dec;6(6):506-9.
    PMID: 24309862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.06.003
    This article deals with the presence of hysterical astasia abasia in the father, and cyclothymic disturbance in the elder brother of the great Chola emperor and builder of the Big Temple at Thanjavur, Raja Raja.
  7. Ng TK
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Jun;3(2):76-7.
    PMID: 23051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.03.008
    Study period: 1 February 2008 till 1 August 2008
    Study participants: 110 type 2 diabetes patients, 40% male, 96% malay
    Study design: Cross-sectional study
    Questionnaire: Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) in Malay version
    Prevalence of depression: 22%
    Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Sik, Kedah, Malaysia
  8. Yusoff MS, Abdul Rahim AF, Baba AA, Ismail SB, Mat Pa MN, Esa AR
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Apr;6(2):128-33.
    PMID: 23466109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.012
    Many studies have reported that the prevalence of psychological distress among medical students during medical training was high. However, there are very few studies exploring on the psychological health of prospective medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among the prospective medical students. A cross-sectional study was done on two cohorts of applicants to a public medical school. A total of 839 applicants were invited to participate in the study. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to the applicants after they completed interviews. A total of 743 (92.2%) applicants took part in the study. The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe level of stress, anxiety and depression were 3.6%, 54.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Stress was significantly associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001) and race (p<0.001). Anxiety was associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001), race (p<0.001), mother education level (p=0.002) and CGPA group (p=0.034). Depression was associated with academic performance in class (p<0.001) and race (p=0.004). Prevalence of stress and depression among entering medical students was low; however prevalence of anxiety was high which could be due to worry about the interviews to enter medical course. The associated factors of psychological distress among prospective medical students were related to academic, non-academic, parent education and cultural backgrounds.
  9. Dong M, Zeng LN, Zhang Q, Yang SY, Chen LY, Najoan E, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2019 Oct;45:74-80.
    PMID: 31520884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.08.010
    OBJECTIVE: Regular surveys are important to monitor the use of psychotropic medications in clinical practice. This study examined the psychotropic prescription patterns in adult Asian schizophrenia patients based on the data of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription (REAP) 2016 survey.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional survey across 15 Asian countries/territories collected socio-demographic and clinical data with standardized procedures between March and May 2016. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded with a standardized questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Altogether 3,537 adult patients with schizophrenia were consecutively screened and enrolled in the survey. The mean age was 38.66 ± 11.55 years and 59.7% of the sample were male. The mean dose of antipsychotics in chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq) was 424 ± 376 mg/day; 31.3% and 80.8% received first- and second- generation antipsychotics, respectively and 42.6% had antipsychotic polypharmacy, 11.7% had antidepressants, 13.7% had mood stabilizers, 27.8% had benzodiazepines, and 45.6% had anticholinergics.

    CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic prescription patterns in Asian adult patients with schizophrenia varied across countries. Regular surveys on psychotropic medications for schizophrenia are important to monitor pharmacotherapy practice in Asia.

  10. Ghazali SR, Elklit A, Balang RV, Sultan MA, Kana K
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2014 Oct;11:45-9.
    PMID: 25453696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.05.008
    The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of lifetime exposure to traumatic events and its relation to PTSD symptoms.
  11. Chandrasekaran PK, Walterfang MA, Velakoulis D
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Dec;3(4):186-9.
    PMID: 23050885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.10.001
    The Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Screening Instrument (NUCOG) provides more detailed screening of cognition than most commonly available tools and was selected for translation into and validation in Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language). It was first translated to Malay, then back-translated to English until changes made were comparable to the original English version. The Malay-translated NUCOG and the Malay version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were delivered to Malay-speaking subjects (n=24). The Malay NUCOG version was then validated by correlating scores against the Malay version of the MMSE and the data tested for reliability of the tool. The Malay version of the NUCOG proved to be a valid (r=0.98, p<0.001) and internally consistent (Cronbach's α=0.76) tool to assess cognitive function and this multi-dimensional cognitive screening instrument is likely to be valuable in the cognitive assessment of neuropsychiatric patients in Malay.
  12. Mukhtar F, Oei TP
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2011 Jun;4(2):125-8.
    PMID: 23051078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2011.04.002
    The aim of this study was to identify predictors of response to treatment for depression in Malaysia, using demographic and cognitive predictors. 113 patients, that were diagnosed with depression, were randomly assigned to the Treatment-As-Usual (TAU) (n=55), or TAU plus eight sessions of Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (TAU+GCBT; n=58). Pre-treatment using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Malay (ATQ-Malay), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Malay (DAS-Malay), a quality of life scale, and demographic characteristics, were used in a series of multiple regression models, as potential predictors of the Beck Depression Inventory-Malay (BDI-Malay) post-assessment scores. Regression results revealed that age, the quality of life scale, and all three cognitive measures were significant predictors of outcomes in the Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (GCBT) group, showing that Beck's cognitive model for depression could be applied in Malaysia.
  13. Woodberry KA
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2015 Dec;18:97-8.
    PMID: 26498721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.09.005
    A recent article in this journal (Razali et al., 2015) reports the results of a 2-stage study screening for psychosis risk in Malaysia. The researchers incorporated both selective and indicated prevention strategies and included self-report items probing non-specific "early" experiences as well as attenuated psychotic symptoms associated with the prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Given that increased stigma and reduced services may reduce help-seeking in many Asian countries, population screening may be more important to early detection of individuals at risk for psychosis. In fact, the availability of large population centers and greater trust of providers may make Asian research centers uniquely suited for conducting badly needed research on screening strategies and the role of cultural factors in the emergence of psychosis.
  14. Sekaran VC, Kamath VG, Ashok L, Kamath A, Hegde AP, Devaramane V
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Apr;50:101941.
    PMID: 32070886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101941
    INTRODUCTION: Adolescent behavioural problems are a growing public health concern. The authors in this study investigated paternal and maternal reports of parenting attitudes and dimensions as predictors of adolescent behavioural problems in the Indian context.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using stratified sampling at the community level, 640 parents including 419 mothers and 221 fathers participated in the study. Tools included a socio-demographic pro-forma; Parental attitude inventory (PAI) to assess parenting attitudes, Parent Global Report of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) to assess current parenting dimensions, and the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess behavioural problems among adolescents. We examined the prevalence and predictors of total difficulties, externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems among adolescents from paternal and maternal reports.

    RESULTS: Paternal and maternal reports of total difficulties (11.3 %, 13.6 %), externalizing (2.3 %, 1.9 %) and internalizing behaviours (8.6 %, 7.4 %) among adolescents are reported. Predictors of abnormal behaviours per paternal reports included lower social class and poor paternal control. Being a male adolescent increased the odds of total difficulties and externalizing problems. Favourable maternal attitude, good maternal warmth and control predicted the reduced likelihood of total difficulties and externalizing behaviours per maternal reports. Paternal control and maternal warmth and control were found to reduce the likelihood of internalizing behaviours among adolescents.

    CONCLUSION: Maternal attitude, paternal control and maternal warmth and control dimensions emerged as significant predictors of total difficulties, externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems among adolescents.

  15. Razali SM, Khalib AQ
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2012 Dec;5(4):297-302.
    PMID: 23174436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.015
    There is a strong association between depression and pain, which is influenced by various biological and psychological mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and severity of pain symptoms among patients with major depression; and to determine the correlation between pain with clinical variables, neurotic pathology and severity of depression.
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