Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 85 in total

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  1. Pain symptoms in Malay patients with major depression
    Razali SM, Khalib AQ
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2012 Dec;5(4):297-302.
    PMID: 23174436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.015
    There is a strong association between depression and pain, which is influenced by various biological and psychological mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and severity of pain symptoms among patients with major depression; and to determine the correlation between pain with clinical variables, neurotic pathology and severity of depression.
  2. Screening for schizophrenia in initial prodromal phase: Detecting the sub-threshold psychosis
    Razali SM, Abidin ZZ, Othman Z, Yassin MA
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2015 Aug;16:26-31.
    PMID: 26182843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.06.011
    The aim of the study is to screen and evaluate the efficacy of the screening tools in detecting subjects with sub-threshold psychosis among asymptomatic individuals at genetic risk, as compared with persons in the general public.
  3. Suicidal behaviors and associated factors among university students in six countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
    Peltzer K, Yi S, Pengpid S
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2017 Apr;26:32-38.
    PMID: 28483087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.019
    A large data gap remains on suicidal behaviors among youth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, despite the increasing rates of suicide in Asian cultures that may be related to rapid economic changes and the loss of social stability. This study was therefore conducted to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among university students in six ASEAN member states. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 4675 undergraduate university students, mean age 20.6 years (SD=2.7), range of 18-30 years, from Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. The overall prevalence of ever suicidal ideation and ever suicide attempt among students in this study was 11.7% and 2.4%, respectively. Different rates of these suicidal behaviors were observed across the countries. In multivariable logistic regression models, suicidal ideation was significantly associated with psychosocial factors including childhood sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, involvement in physical fights, and poor academic performance as well as socio-environmental factors including living with parents or guardians and low involvement in organized religious activity. Suicide attempt was significantly associated with childhood sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, low involvement in organized religious activity and being underweight or overweight. Our findings suggest that individual-level strategies for suicide prevention should be targeted toward students with poor academic performance, mental health problems and a history of adverse childhood experiences. Particular attention should be paid to the role of families that could be a potential stressor in the lives of university students.
  4. Fulltext Effective implementation of a structured psychoeducation programme among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in the community
    Paranthaman V, Satnam K, Lim JL, Amar-Singh HS, Sararaks S, Nafiza MN, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Dec;3(4):206-12.
    PMID: 23050889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.07.002
    Background: Psychoeducation has shown promising benefits in managing patients with schizophrenia. In Malaysia, the use of psychoeducation is rather limited and its impact indeterminate.
    Aims: To assess the effectiveness of a structured psychoeducation programme for the community in improving caregiver knowledge, decreasing caregivers’ burden, reducing patients’ readmission and defaulter follow up rates.
    Method: In a controlled interventional study, 109 caregivers were included, 54 and 55 in the intervention and control groups respectively. Caregivers were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention for knowledge and burden. Patients were monitored for relapse and defaulting follow up in the clinic.
    Results: Caregivers in the intervention group showed significant improvement in knowledge, reduction in burden in assistance in daily living (severity) and a reduced defaulter rate was seen in the patients’ follow up.
    Conclusion: The findings shows that structured psychoeducation programme among caregivers has the potential to improve outcome of care for patients with schizophrenia.
    Keywords: Schizophrenia; Psychoeducation; Community; Caregiver Questionnaire: Family Burden Interview Schedule–Short Form (FBIS/SF)
  5. The asian Federation of psychiatric associations society section
    Parameshwara Dev M
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2008 Sep;1(1):15-9.
    PMID: 23050980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2008.07.007
  6. An explainable predictive model for suicide attempt risk using an ensemble learning and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) approach
    Nordin N, Zainol Z, Mohd Noor MH, Chan LF
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2023 Jan;79:103316.
    PMID: 36395702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103316
    Machine learning approaches have been used to develop suicide attempt predictive models recently and have been shown to have a good performance. However, those proposed models have difficulty interpreting and understanding why an individual has suicidal attempts. To overcome this issue, the identification of features such as risk factors in predicting suicide attempts is important for clinicians to make decisions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose an explainable predictive model to predict and analyse the importance of features for suicide attempts. This model can also provide explanations to improve the clinical understanding of suicide attempts. Two complex ensemble learning models, namely Random Forest and Gradient Boosting with an explanatory model (SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) have been constructed. The models are used for predictive interpretation and understanding of the importance of the features. The experiment shows that both models with SHAP are able to interpret and understand the nature of an individual's predictions with suicide attempts. However, compared with Random Forest, the results show that Gradient Boosting with SHAP achieves higher accuracy and the analyses found that history of suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, and ethnicity as the main predictors for suicide attempts.
  7. Prevalence of depression among diabetic patients in an outpatient clinic in Hospital Sik: A rural hospital in Malaysia
    Ng TK
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Jun;3(2):76-7.
    PMID: 23051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.03.008
    Study period: 1 February 2008 till 1 August 2008
    Study participants: 110 type 2 diabetes patients, 40% male, 96% malay
    Study design: Cross-sectional study
    Questionnaire: Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) in Malay version
    Prevalence of depression: 22%
    Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Sik, Kedah, Malaysia
  8. Validation of the Malay version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-M) among a group of medical students in Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya
    Ng CG, Amer Siddiq AN, Aida SA, Zainal NZ, Koh OH
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Mar;3(1):3-6.
    PMID: 23051129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2009.12.001
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the Malay version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-M) among a group of medical students in Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya.
    METHODS: 237 students participated in the study. They were given the Malay version of MSPSS, medical outcome study (MOS) social support survey, Malay version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Malay version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and English version of MSPSS. A week later, these students were again given the Malay version of MSPSS.
    RESULTS: The instrument displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.89), parallel form reliability (0.94) and test-retest reliability (0.77) (Spearman's rho, p<0.01). The negative correlation of the total and subscales of the instrument with the Malay version of GHQ and BDI confirmed its validity. Extraction method of the 12 items MSPSS using principle axis factoring with direct oblimin rotation converged into three factors of perceived social support (Family, Friends and Significant Others) with reliability coefficients of 0.88, 0.82 and 0.94, respectively.
    CONCLUSION: The Malay version of the MSPSS demonstrated good psychometric properties in measuring social support among a group of medical students from Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya and it could be used as a simple instrument on young educated Malaysian adolescents.
  9. Depressive symptoms in residents of a tertiary training hospital in Malaysia: The prevalence and associated factors
    Nair N, Ng CG, Sulaiman AH
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2021 Feb;56:102548.
    PMID: 33454562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102548
    The mental wellbeing of doctors is becoming an increasing concern in the world today. In Malaysia, residency is a challenging period in a doctor's life, with many changes professionally and possibly in their personal lives as well. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the socio-demographic correlates among residents in a tertiary training hospital in Malaysia. It is a cross sectional study and all residents were approached to participate in the study. The instruments used were a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Chi-square test was used to explore the association between the socio-demographic correlates, and those that were found to have significant associations were further tested using multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of depression among residents was 25.1 %. Longer working hours, missing meals, and working in Department of Surgery and Department of Anaesthesia was significantly positively associated while having protected study time, CME/lectures, leisure/hobbies and exercise were negatively associated with depression. The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine had a significantly negative association with depression. After logistic regression, longer working hours and a lack of protected study time was significantly associated with depression in the respective departments. In summary, the prevalence of depression among residents is high and is associated with longer working hours, missing meals and a lack of protected study time are significantly associated with depression. Remedial steps should be taken to improve the mental health among residents.
  10. Predictors of Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy outcomes for the treatment of depression in Malaysia
    Mukhtar F, Oei TP
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2011 Jun;4(2):125-8.
    PMID: 23051078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2011.04.002
    The aim of this study was to identify predictors of response to treatment for depression in Malaysia, using demographic and cognitive predictors. 113 patients, that were diagnosed with depression, were randomly assigned to the Treatment-As-Usual (TAU) (n=55), or TAU plus eight sessions of Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (TAU+GCBT; n=58). Pre-treatment using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Malay (ATQ-Malay), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Malay (DAS-Malay), a quality of life scale, and demographic characteristics, were used in a series of multiple regression models, as potential predictors of the Beck Depression Inventory-Malay (BDI-Malay) post-assessment scores. Regression results revealed that age, the quality of life scale, and all three cognitive measures were significant predictors of outcomes in the Group Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (GCBT) group, showing that Beck's cognitive model for depression could be applied in Malaysia.
  11. Exploratory and confirmatory factor validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale for Malays (DAS-Malay) in Malaysia
    Mukhtar F, Oei TP
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Sep;3(3):145-51.
    PMID: 23051574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.07.007
    The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the Malay version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-Malay) in clinical and nonclinical populations. The DAS is a self-report inventory derived from Beck's cognitive theory of depression to measure beliefs constituting a predisposition to depression. The 40-item DAS-Malay was completed by 315 university students, 495 members of the general community, 167 medical patients, and 113 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Through principal axis factoring, with varimax rotation, two factors were extracted; performance evaluation and self-control. Correlation with depression and other variables indicated that the DAS-Malay held good concurrent validity. In addition, sensitivity and specificity of the total scores of the DAS were evident in this study. The results showed that the DAS-Malay possesses satisfactory psychometric properties suggesting that this instrument is appropriate for use as a cognitive measure in a Malay cultural context although several issues require consideration.
  12. Improving coping mechanisms of Malaysian adolescents living in orphanages through a life skills education program: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
    Mohammadzadeh M, Awang H, Ismail S, Shahr HK
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Feb;48:101892.
    PMID: 31864126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101892
    The current study amid to determine whether a life skills-based education could improve coping skills among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. It was a randomized controlled trial comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the life skills, or the Placebo education programmes. The DASS21 and Brief COPE were used as the study instruments. Results showed the mean scores of self-distraction, active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reinterpretation, planning and acceptance, at post-test, were significantly increased compared to the pre-test values. Denial, substance abuse, behavioural disengagement and self-blame significantly decreased. The findings provide an opportunity to assess the effects of participation in a life skills education programme on behavioural health in Malaysia orphanages.
  13. Emotional health and coping mechanisms among adolescents in Malaysian residential foster care homes: A comparative study with adolescents living with families
    Mohammadzadeh M, Tajik E, Awang H, Latiff LA
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2018 Feb;32:156-158.
    PMID: 29278817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.12.011
  14. Functional characterization of two variants in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of transcription factor 4 gene and their association with schizophrenia in sib-pairs from multiplex families
    Mohamed ZI, Tee SF, Chow TJ, Loh SY, Yong HS, Bakar AKA, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2019 Feb;40:76-81.
    PMID: 30771755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.02.001
    Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene plays an important role in nervous system development and it always associated with the risk of schizophrenia. Since miRNAs regulate targetgenes by binding to 3'UTRs of target mRNAs, the functional variants located in 3'UTR of TCF4 are highly suggested to affect the gene expressions in schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis regarding the effects of the variants located in 3'UTR of TCF4, we conducted an in silico analysis to identify the functional variants and their predicted functions. In this study, we sequenced the 3'UTR of TCF4 in 13 multiplex schizophrenia families and 14 control families. We found two functional variants carried by three unrelated patients. We determined that the C allele of rs1272363 and the TC insert of rs373174214 might suppress post- transcriptional expression. Secondly, we cloned the region that flanked these two variants into a dual luciferase reporter system and compared the luciferase activities between the pmirGLO-TCF4 (control), pmirGLO-TCF4-rs373174214 and pmirGLO-TCF4-rs1273263. Both pmirGLO-TCF4-rs373174214 and pmirGLO-TCF4-rs1273263 caused lower reporter gene activities, as compared to the control. However, only the C allele of rs1272363 reduced the luciferase activity significantly (p = 0.0231). Our results suggested that rs1273263 is a potential regulator of TCF4 expression, and might be associated with schizophrenia.
  15. Aggression in Malaysian schizophrenia patients: Its clinical determinants and association with COMT Val158Met genotypes
    Mohamed Saini S, Razali R, Ibrahim L, Yik OD, Mohd Shah MA, Ahmad SZ, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2015 Oct;17:107-8.
    PMID: 26300284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2015.07.012
  16. Improving multicultural parenting program for children with emotional and behavioral problems: An integrated review
    Masiran R, Ibrahim N, Awang H, Lim PY
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Jun;51:101851.
    PMID: 31711780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101851
    Children with emotional and behavioral problems are often managed using medications or behavioral therapy, but in some countries, there is no structured parenting intervention to equip parents from different cultural backgrounds with adequate parenting skills to help these children. This paper aims to synthesize key findings from previous research on multicultural parenting programs and produce a comprehensive integrated view by looking into three separate themes: effective multicultural parenting programs, ethnocultural groups and cultural adaptation process. Literature search through Scopus and Google Scholar from 1999 to 2019 was conducted using the terms "effective parenting program", "effective parenting intervention", "effective multicultural parenting program", "effective multicultural parenting intervention", "multicultural parenting program", "multicultural parenting intervention", "parenting program and ethnic groups", "parenting intervention and ethnic groups", "adapted parenting program", "adapted parenting intervention", "cultural adaptation of parenting program'' and "cultural adaptation of parenting intervention". By applying the "Literature Review Synthesis Process", authors conducted cross-analysis, integrated possibilities, and prioritized the synthesized information gearing towards highly probable solutions for improving multicultural parenting programs to manage emotional and behavioral problems in children better. Development of a culturally fit parenting intervention and its implications on existing parenting programs are also discussed. The findings highlight the need 1) to engage with ethnocultural groups of parents during development of a new multicultural parenting program, and 2) to incorporate specific measures for engaging with parents during multicultural parenting program implementation. This paper contributes in acknowledging cultural components in future parenting intervention programs. Finally, recommendations are made for future directions of research.
  17. Characteristics of overdose and non-overdose suicide attempts in a multi-ethnic Asian society
    Mak KK, Ho CS, Zhang MW, Day JR, Ho RC
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Oct;6(5):373-9.
    PMID: 24011683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.03.011
    Overdosing is an accessible method adopted by people attempting suicide in city settings.
  18. Psychometric validation of revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) among adolescents in Bangladesh
    Mahmood S, Siraji MA, Naher R, Arató N, Kaló Z
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2023 Feb 17;83:103514.
    PMID: 36906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103514
    BACKGROUND: The assessment of bullying-related attributes is vital in developing anti-bullying intervention and prevention programs. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) is one tool that has been widely used for this purpose. Thus, as we noticed a rising interest in research on bullying and there is a scarcity of proper psychometric tools to assess bullying-related attributes in Bangladesh, our study aimed to translate the OBVQ-R and test the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of this questionnaire on a large Bangladeshi adolescent sample.

    METHOD: In Bangladesh, we collected data from grade 8-10 students (N = 567, 309 females, 258 males, AgeMean±SD=15.12 ± 0.81). The participants completed Bangla OBVQ-R, Beck Youth Inventory (BYI), and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale-13 (CRIES-13).

    RESULTS: The item response theory (IRT) analysis discarded five items and retained 15 items (Victimization=8, Perpetration=7). Both subscales had items with high discrimination (Victimization: 3.14 ± 0.67; Perpetration: 3.40 ± 1.04). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a correlated two-factor model (CFI=0.99; TLI=0.99). Both subscales (Victimization and Perpetration) and the 15-item full scale exhibited satisfactory reliability (>0.80). In line with our predictions, both subscales demonstrated significant positive correlations with BYI and CRIES-13, indicating satisfactory concurrent validity.

    CONCLUSION: The results of the psychometric analyses supported the reliability and validity of the 15-item Bangla-version OBVQ-R to assess bullying involvement. Hence, this new, adapted measurement can facilitate further bullying research in Bangladesh and, thus, the development of prevention and intervention programs.

  19. Global, regional, and national burdens of depressive disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019: A trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Luo J, Tang L, Kong X, Li Y
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2024 Feb;92:103905.
    PMID: 38262303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103905
    BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders (DD) including dysthymia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common among adolescents and young adults. However, global trends in DD burden remain unclear.

    METHODS: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study on incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality due to DD from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional and national levels.

    RESULTS: Globally, dysthymia incidence increased notably in females, older age groups, and lower-middle income countries from 1990 to 2019. In contrast, MDD incidence decreased slightly over this period except in high-income North America. Females and middle-income countries had the highest dysthymia burden while North America had the highest MDD incidence and DALYs. Oman and Malaysia experienced largest increases in dysthymia and MDD burden respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Despite certain global indicators suggesting a leveling off or decrease, it's clear that depressive disorders continue to be a significant and increasing issue, particularly among women, teenagers, and young adults. Differences between regions and countries indicate that specific interventions aimed at addressing economic inequalities, improving healthcare systems, and taking cultural factors into account could make a real difference in lessening the burden of depressive disorders. More research is needed to understand what's driving these trends so that we can develop better strategies for preventing and managing these conditions.

  20. Public knowledge and beliefs about depression among urban and rural Chinese in Malaysia
    Loo PW, Furnham A
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2012 Sep;5(3):236-45.
    PMID: 22981052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.003
    The study compared knowledge and beliefs about depression among urban and rural Chinese in a Malaysian sample. A total of 409 participants were asked to identify cases of depression varying in intensity from two vignettes and rate their beliefs regarding a list of possible causes and treatments for depression. The urban Chinese were more likely to identify depression as the problem in the vignette. Beliefs about causes of depression were factored into five components, whereas beliefs about treatment for depression factored into four components. The results indicated that the causes most strongly endorsed were stress and pressure, and standard treatments rated the highest as treatments for depression. Overall, depression literacy was moderate for Chinese Malaysians. The results are discussed in relation to Chinese cultural beliefs about depression. Limitations of this preliminary study were acknowledged.
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