Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by C. acetobutylicum NCIMB 13357 in an oscillatory flow bioreactor was investigated. Experimental works were conducted in a U-shaped stainless steel oscillatory flow bioreactor at oscillation frequency between 0.45-0.78 Hz and a constant amplitude of 12.5 mm. Fermentations were carried out for 72 hr at 35oC using palm oil mill effluent and reinforced clostridia medium as a growth medium in batch culture. Result of this investigation showed that POME is a viable media for ABE fermentation and oscillatory flow bioreactor has an excellent potential as an alternative fermentation device.
The aim of this study was to determine the surface chemistry during biocorrosion process on growth and on the production of exopolymeric substances (EPS) in batch cultures of mix-strains of marine sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from Malaysian Shipyard and Engineering Harbours, Pasir Gudang. The EPS and precipitates were analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS results indicate that Fe(2p3/2) spectrum for iron sulphide can be fitted with Fe(II) and Fe(III) components, both corresponding to Fe-S bond types. The absence of oxide oxygen in the O(1s) spectrum and Fe(III)-O bond types in the Fe(2p3/2) spectrum supports the conclusion that iron sulphides are composed of both ferric and ferrous iron coordinated with monosulphide and disulphide.