Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 179 in total

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  1. A study of the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine using the in vitro microtechnique in Peninsular Malaysia
    Ho KB, Mak JW, Ramadas M
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1987;81(2):257-9.
    PMID: 3303483
    Plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivities to chloroquine and mefloquine were assessed with WHO in vitro microtechnique test kits in 5 localities near the border with Thailand in Peninsular Malaysia. 105 of 113 (92.9%) parasite isolates were successfully tested and 103 (98.1%) showed resistance to chloroquine with parasite growth even at greater than or equal to 5.7 pmol of the drug. All these isolates were sensitive to mefloquine, parasite growth being inhibited at less than or equal to 11.3 pmol of the drug.
  2. Clinical, genetic and fertility studies of Indians with beta S-globin gene and the influence of Hb S on Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection
    Joishy SK, Hassan K, Lopes M, Lie-Injo LE
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1988;82(4):515-9.
    PMID: 3076706
    Clinical studies were carried out on mild Indian sickle cell anaemia in Malaysia, and genetic and fertility studies were carried out on 101 families with and without sickle-cell haemoglobin (Hb S). The Indian sickle cell anaemia patients reached adulthood, and pregnancies and deliveries were uneventful without blood transfusion. There was no foetal wastage and the number of children produced was not significantly different from that in families without Hb S. 28 Indian patients hospitalized with Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection were also examined for their beta S genotype. P. falciparum malaria infection occurred much more frequently in individuals without Hb S than in Hb S carriers.
  3. Studies on human filariasis in Malaysia: immunoglobulin and complement levels in persons infected with Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti
    Joon-Wah M, Singh M, Yap EH, Ho BC, Kang KL
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1979;73(4):395-9.
    PMID: 400204
    Levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M and E as well as complement components C3c and C4 have been determined in populations in various endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia and also in filariasis patients. High immunoglobulin levels were seen. In the microfilarial-negative group IgG was 2009 mg% while IgE was 3967 I.U./ml. In the filariasis group, Wuchereria bancrofti patients had significantly higher levels of IgG, IgM and IgE, namely, 3314 mg%, 804 mg% and 18400 I.U./ml respectively. The significance of these levels is discussed.
  4. First case of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Malaysia
    Kamel AG, Norazah A
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1995 11 1;89(6):652.
    PMID: 8594684
  5. Oliva vidua fulminans, a marine mollusc, responsible for five fatal cases of neurotoxic food poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia
    Kan SK, Singh N, Chan MK
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1986;80(1):64-5.
    PMID: 3727000
    This is the first report in which a marine mollusc, Oliva vidua fulminans (olives), generally not known to be poisonous, was responsible for death in five children after consuming boiled olives with tamarind. The onset of symptoms was rapid 10 to 20 min after consumption of the olives. Signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tingling sensation around the lips, numbness around the mouth, drowsiness, lethargy and generalized weakness with paraesthesia in the limbs. The five deaths occurred within 3 to 4 hours after eating the poisoned olives and resulted from respiratory failure. Left-over olives from the affected household and freshly collected live olives had a toxicity of 14,200 mouse units (M.U.) and 15,000 M.U. per 100 g meat respectively. No other common chemical poison and organophosphorus insecticides were detected. The neurotoxic agent was acid and heat stable and was toxic at pH less than 4. Its action was similar to that of paralytic shellfish poisoning which was caused by toxins from certain dinoflagellates.
  6. The first report in Hymenolepis diminuta infection in Sabah, Malaysia
    Kan SK, Kok RT, Marto S, Thomas I, Teo WW
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1981;75(4):609.
    PMID: 7324140
  7. Geohelminth infection of children from rural plantations and urban slums in Malaysia
    Kan SP, Guyatt HL, Bundy DA
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1989 11 1;83(6):817-20.
    PMID: 2617652
    This study compares levels of geohelminth infection in children living in rural estates and urban slum areas of Malaysia. The statistical characteristics of geohelminth infection in 1499 children from birth up to 15 years of age, living in rural estates, were analysed according to age, sex and ethnic origin and compared with the same statistics for 1574 slum-dwelling children of similar age groups and ethnic origins. The prevalence and intensity of ascariasis and trichuriasis were significantly higher among children from the urban slums. Slum-dwelling ethnic Indians and Malays had higher levels of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura than their rural counterparts, but the infection status of the ethnic Chinese in the 2 areas was similar. Hookworm infection was similar in both areas, indicating that hookworm infection is neither necessarily nor solely a rural disease. These results suggest that urban slum children are at greater risk of ascariasis and trichuriasis than their rural counterparts.
  8. Melioidosis presenting as prostatitis--a case report from Sabah
    Kan SPK, Kay RWW
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1978;72(5):522-4.
    PMID: 725999 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(78)90175-X
    Previous reports of melioidosis in Sabah are reviewed and a detailed account of a case, presenting as prostatitis, in a 40-year-old British male is given. The history suggested that the organism, Pseudomonas pseudomallei, was transmitted by a fly which entered the eye. Diagnosis was delayed and treatment presented some difficulty, the organism being relatively insensitive to amplicillin and gentamicin. Co-trimoxazole was the most effective, followed by minocycline. Cure was eventually achieved and after four years the patient was fit and normal, except for sterility.
  9. Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Malaysia
    Khoo A, Furuta T, Abdullah NR, Bah NA, Kojima S, Wah MJ
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 1 1;90(1):40-1.
    PMID: 8730308
  10. Antibiotic resistance and conjugative R plasmids in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Peninsular Malaysia
    Koh CL
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1986;80(1):158-61.
    PMID: 3726978
    Twenty-five strains of enterobacteria, isolated from man in Peninsular Malaysia and consisting of seven Enterobacter spp., five Escherichia coli, five Salmonella spp., four Klebsiella spp., two Shigella spp., one Proteus sp. and and one Providencia sp., were tested for antibiotic resistance and conjugative R plasmids. They were all sensitive to nalidixic acid and resistant to at least three antibiotics. The number of resistances ranged from 3 to 11 antibiotics, including cefoperazone and sisomicin (two) newly released antibiotics), in addition to common drugs of current use. Of the 25 isolates, 19 (76%) conjugally transferred, at varied frequencies, at least two resistance determinants. Results from equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, agarose gel electrophoresis and transformation experiments provided proof that the transferable resistances were plasmid-mediated. Restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns showed that the plasmids from Proteus strain K005 and Providencia strain K001 may be identical.
  11. A case of human Sarcocystis infection in west Malaysia
    Kutty MK, Dissanaike AS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1975;69(5-6):503-4.
    PMID: 820020
    The first case of Sarcocystis infection is reported from West Malaysia. A cyst was seen as an incidental finding in a biopsy specimen from the larynx of the patient. The cyst and the cystozoites were of the small size with no evidence of cytophaneres or compartments.
  12. Specific depression of cell-mediated immunity in Malayan filariasis
    Kwa BH, Mak JW
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1980;74(4):522-7.
    PMID: 7445050
    The possible depression of cell-mediated immunity by long-term Brugia malayi infection in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) was investigated. Different groups of infected jirds were sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells, Dirofilaria immitis adult antigens and B. malayi adult antigens. The 24-hour delayed type hypersensitivity skin response to testing with antigen was measured as an in vivo correlate of cell-mediated immunity. The delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells and D. immitis antigens were normal but the response to B. malayi antigens was significantly depressed, confirming that long-term B. malayi infection depresses cell-mediated immunity and that this depression is specific to B. malayi antigens.
  13. Assessment of adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment and predictors for non-adherence among the caregivers of children with tuberculosis
    Laghari M, Talpur BA, Sulaiman SAS, Khan AH, Bhatti Z
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2021 08 02;115(8):904-913.
    PMID: 33382889 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa161
    BACKGROUND: Information on the extent of patient medication adherence and the use of interventions to advance adherence are scarce in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess medication adherence and risk factors for non-adherence among the caregivers of children with tuberculosis (TB).

    METHODS: This prospective study was conducted among the caregivers of 443 child TB patients registered during the study. Caregivers of children were queried using a structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and socio-economic factors and the role of healthcare workers during the treatment course. Risk factors for non-adherence were estimated using a logistic regression model.

    RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, the independent variables that had a statistically significant positive association with non-adherence were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.870 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.99 to 17.29]), age ≥45 y (AOR 5.627 [95% CI 1.88 to 16.82]), caregivers with no formal education (AOR 3.905 [95% CI 1.29 to 11.79]), financial barriers (AOR 30.297 [95% CI 6.13 to 149.54]), insufficient counselling by healthcare workers (AOR 5.319 [95% CI 1.62 to 17.42]), insufficient counselling by health professionals (AOR 4.117 [95% CI 1.05 to 16.05]) and unfriendly attitude and poor support from healthcare professionals (AOR 11.150 [95% CI 1.91 to 65.10]).

    CONCLUSIONS: Treatment adherence in the present study was 86% using the Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale and 90.7% using the visual analogue scale tool. Predictors of non-adherence need to be a focus and caregivers should be given complete knowledge about the importance of adherence to TB treatment.

  14. Letter: An acute attack of quartan malaria in a leprosy patient being treated with diaminodiphenylsulphone
    Laing AB, Gooi HC, Gelber RH
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1974;68(2):165-6.
    PMID: 4617939
  15. Cross neutralisation of Southeast Asian cobra and krait venoms by Indian polyvalent antivenoms
    Leong PK, Tan NH, Fung SY, Sim SM
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2012 Dec;106(12):731-7.
    PMID: 23062608 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.07.009
    Cross neutralisation of venoms by antivenom raised against closely-related species has been well documented. The spectrum of paraspecific protection of antivenom raised against Asiatic Naja and Bungarus (krait) venoms, however, has not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the cross neutralisation of venoms from common Southeast Asian cobras and kraits by two widely used polyvalent antivenoms produced in India: Vins Polyvalent Antivenom (VPAV) and Bharat Polyvalent Antivenom (BPAV), using both in vitro and in vivo mouse protection assays. BPAV was only moderately effective against venoms of N. kaouthia (Thailand) and N. sumatrana, and either very weakly effective or totally ineffective against the other cobra and krait venoms. VPAV, on the other hand, neutralised effectively all the Southeast Asian Naja venoms tested, as well as N. naja, B. candidus and Ophiophagus hannah venoms, but the potency ranges from effective to weakly effective. In an in vivo rodent model, VPAV also neutralised the lethality of venoms from Asiatic Naja and B. candidus. In anesthetised rat studies, both antivenoms effectively protected against the N. kaouthia venom-induced cardio-respiratory depressant and neuromuscular blocking effects. Overall, our results suggest that VPAV could be used as alternative antivenom for the treatment of elapid envenomation in Southeast Asian regions including Malaysia, Thailand and certain regions of Indonesia.
  16. Letter: Falciparum malaria resistant to chloroquine suppression but sensitive to chloroquine treatment in West Malaysia
    Lewis AN, Dondero TJ, Ponnampalam JT
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(2):310-2.
    PMID: 4593652
  17. Some phlebotomid sand-flies and other diptera of Malaysia and Sri Lanka
    Lewis DJ, Killick-Kendrick R
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(1):4-5.
    PMID: 4777431
  18. Duffy phenotypes in Malaysian populations: correction of previous unusual findings
    Lewis GE, Miller LH, Ibrahim L, Wong PW, McGinniss M, Ooi WL
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1988;82(3):509-10.
    PMID: 3068862
    Duffy phenotypes were determined for 314 Malaysian Orang Asli. The most common gene, Fya, was present in 313; there were no Duffy negative individuals. A previous study found evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in 5 of 7 Orang Asli reported to be of the Duffy negative genotype. In this study, 5 of the 7 previously tested Orang Asli were retested in triplicate, and each of the 5 was found to be Duffy positive, having the Fya gene and a phenotype of Fy (a + b-).
  19. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Malayans
    Lie-Injo LE, TI TS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1964 Nov;58:500-2.
    PMID: 14217007 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(64)90105-1
  20. Haemolysis due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Malaya
    Lie-Injo Luan Eng, Pillay RP, Virik HK
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1966;60(2):262-6.
    PMID: 5922616 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(66)90039-3
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