This study was conducted to establish callus cultures from leaf, stem and root explants of
Physalis minima using different combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin. Callus growth and anti-cancer
compound, physalin B production were further enhanced by optimising the cell explants and media
compositions such as basal media, salts concentration, carbon sources and plant growth regulators.
The results indicated that callus cultures derived from leaf, stem and root explants were best initiated
using a combination of 9.0 µM 2,4-D and 4.5 µM kinetin. Callus growth and synthesis of physalin B
were peaked at the late exponential growth phase over 25 d of culture. Callus growth did not vary
between explants, but physalin B was observed higher in leaf (0.78 mg g-1 dry wt.), followed by root
(0.71 mg g-1 dry wt.) and stem (0.64 mg g-1 dry wt.). MS basal medium was found superior to B5, SH
and WH basal media in supporting growth and physalin B production. Further tests on the media
compositions obtained a half strength of MS salts (½MS), 2.5% (w/v) sucrose and 9.0:4.5 µM of 2,4-
D:kinetin combination, which were the preferred salts strength, carbon sources and plant growth
regulators for optimum growth (0.23 g dry wt.) and physalin B production (1.75 mg g-1 dry wt.) of
callus cultures derived from leaf.
Besides traditional chemical stabilizers, polymer emulsion that is considered as a nontraditional
chemical stabilizer had been introduced recently. Among polymer emulsions, Canlite and
Probase have been widely used for soil stabilization. The aim of this paper is to investigate the
effectiveness of Laterite soil stabilization treated by Canlite-liquid and Probase-liquid soil stabilizers.
A testing program, scheduled to achieve the overall objectives of this study was conducted to
determine the basic properties of Laterite soil, establish the relationship between the compaction
characteristics (maximum dry density and optimum moisture content) with the amount of polymer
emulsion and last but not least to compare the strength of the Canlite-treated and Probase-treated
Laterite soil. The effects of both polymer soil stabilizers – Canlite and Probase – were examined. The
optimum moisture content of the mixtures was used as a reference to determine the water content for
the preparation of all the specimens and later used in the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test.
The laboratory test results showed that the additional amount of Canlite and Probase have improved
the physical properties, liquid limit and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the Laterite soil.
The compressive strength of the treated Laterite was found varied and depends on the type of
stabilizers, quantity of additives and curing time. From the UCS tests, it was found that Probase
improves the strength of the Laterite more than Canlite.
In this paper, we propose an approach to model and simulate a network problem using
bio-inspired computing. Information in a network is embedded in DNA sequence strands and in-vitro
implementation is proposed via bio-molecular tools such as hybridization, ligation and polymerase
chain reaction. The output of the computation is derived from gel electrophoresis process.
This study seeks to investigate small and medium-sized enterprise Human Resource (HR) practitioners’ knowledge pertaining to legislated employment rights at the workplace as laid down by the Employment Act (EA) 1955. The EA provides a variety of individual employment rights covering protections of wages, statutory right to the general standard of working time, statutory right to rest day, public holidays, annual leave and sick leave, statutory right to employment security as well as female employee’s statutory right to paid maternity leave. The study also aims to determine whether HR practitioners’ level of knowledge concerning legislated employment rights differed significantly between age groups, years of experience, level of education and size of company. It also examined the nature of the relationship between the HR practitioners’ level of basic knowledge concerning legislated employment rights and their level of concern in making legally sound decisions in their administrative practice. In addition, it identified whether the HR practitioners’ level of basic knowledge pertaining to legislated employment rights correlate significantly with the size of the company where they are employed.
This research was perform to examine the dimension electronic service quality of
Malaysia airline industries (low cost carrier) and the impact on customers perceived service
satisfaction. This research employed convenience sampling procedure and questionnaire as
method to gain data, 392 completed questionnaires were gathered from Malaysia airline
industries (low cost carrier) website users. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed and
indicated that five dimensions such as fulfilment, system availability, efficiency, site privacy
and aesthetic and customizations were applicable to measure Malaysia airline industries
(low cost carrier) e-SQ. The regression analysis performed showed that e-SQ dimensionfulfilment,
system availability, efficiency, site privacy and aesthetic and customizations have
a significant positive relationship exist between e-SQ dimension and perceived service
satisfaction in the Malaysia airline industries (low cost carrier) website user. Future
research recommendations to discuss on impact dimension of e-SQ regarding to recovery
issue such as compensation, responsiveness and contact on customers perceived satisfaction
in Malaysia airline industries (low cost carrier).