Policymakers and recreation site managers use changes in fee structure, either introducing park entrance fees or increasing existing ones, to generate revenues, improve services, and reduce damages associated with visitor’s overuse. The sudden increase in park usage fee, however, can make the park inaccessible to certain segments of visitors. Understanding park users' response to changes in fees and its implication on park use equity is, thus, important to achieving a park's full potential in a socially and environmentally responsible way. This information is crucial especially for developing countries, where the issue has received relatively less attention and underfunded. This paper contributes to the literature on park access fees by empirically assessing park use equity between and among international and local visitors visiting Putrajaya Botanical Garden, Malaysia and developing an approach for determining predictors and mean willingness to pay values for park entrance. Results of our survey-based approach show a positive willingness to pay values for park entrance and fee increases. Our results also show that it is possible to raise revenue without exacerbating existing park use differences.
Heat pipes are widely used in various industries such as automotive, electronics, and many more. Heat pipes are used as cooling devices for electronic parts in machines that emit a large amount of heat, which can damage the devices. The heat pipes used in this investigation are loop heat pipes. These pipes can transport heat over a long distance and operate against gravity. The working fluid used in this investigation is nanofluid. Nanofluid is one of the types of working fluid that is considered to have better thermal performance than conventional fluids. Nanofluid is made of nanoparticles with base-fluid. This investigation studies the thermal performance of loop heat pipes using different types of nanofluids. Nanofluid fluids used in this study are diamond nanofluid, aluminium oxide nanofluid and silica oxide nanofluid. The effect of mass concentration of nanoparticles in the base-fluid is also studied. The results showed that as the mass concentration of nanofluids increased, the thermal resistance for diamond nanofluid and aluminium oxide nanofluid decreased, but the opposite occurred for silica oxide nanofluid but still better resultsthan pure water. This shows that diamond and aluminium oxide nanofluids shows better thermal conductivity as it has lower total thermal resistance and thermal enhancement rate compared to other nanofluids. Diamond nanofluid also had higher heat capacity than aluminium oxide nanofluid as it had a lower vapour line temperature reading.
The new innovative of technology by (GIS) Geographic Information System, (LIS) Land
Information System and (CIS) Cadastral Information System has been playing a leading
role in the development of cadastral and land administration in this study area. The
Customary ways and approach to the land titling and registration in the time past has
resulted in the delay in the processes of obtaining title to the land. Land administration
system in Nigeria includes the processes of land registration, cadastral mapping, land
valuation and land inventory. Most of developing nation particularly Nigeria is faced
with the problem of poor land administration and management. Technology is
paramount in acquiring a proper technological development in land administration.
This study tried to encourage land title registration by providing web technologies that
are faster and suitable with a low rate and minimum delay. The need to develop a
dynamic web for the processes in the land registration arises from the dynamic
relationship to the land of the people. The delay in time and process of land registration
couple with the exploitation in land related activities has called for the urgent
intervention of all the stakeholders in land administration. PHP programming language
was used as a server side scripting languages together with MyAdmin SQL, a website
was developed for the processes involved in the land registration having examined the
fastest way to solve the problem. A robust dynamic database that is reliable and easy
to use was also developed which is capable of accommodating several numbers of
applicants. The applicants, monitoring agency and the government have the advantage
of checking all the processes on line without any contact with the officers working on
the certificate.
Most tropical rainforest tree species depends on forest gaps for their successful
regeneration. Evaluation on the gap or canopy openness provides an indicator on the
forest development stages. This paper reported on the canopy openness (CO) of three
study plots at (1-, 9-, 18-year old) rehabilitated forest sites and one study plot at natural
regenerating secondary forest (± 22-year old) in UPM-Mitsubishi Corporation Forest
Rehabilitation Project, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus (UPMKB).
Plot of 20 x 20 m was established where dendrometric parameters were collected
while Delta-T Device HemiView system was used to take the hemispherical photograph
and field observation information were used to assess the CO. Qualitative analysis of
the photographs suggested there were three stages of forest growth namely gap,
building and mature stand development phases. These also helped the interpretation
of the quantitative analysis in relation to forest dynamics. Hemispherical photographs
were used for quantitative analysis of the CO. CO showed statistical significant
differences among study plots which recorded a range of 3-78%. Rapid analysis of CO
on the hemispherical photographs with information from the dendrometric
measurement had assisted in assessing the forest stand development. The canopy
openness was dependent on the age of the rehabilitated forest. Overall, the study plots
were in the different stages of stand development.
This study aims to examine the influences of the plan to further study, career growth
and discriminatory treatment on turnover intention among technicians in electronic
industry in Malaysia. The objectives are: (i) To identify the relationship between the
plan to further study and turnover intention among factory technicians, (ii) To identify
the relationship between career growth and turnover intention among factory
technicians, and (iii)To identify the relationship between discriminatory treatment
factors and turnover intention among factory technicians. The population involved in
this study were the manufacturing technicians at an electronic factory. Survey
questionnaires were used to collect data. A total of 110 questionnaires were analyzed.
Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to measure the
degree of relationship between variables. The findings showed that all independent
variables; plan to further study, career growth and discriminatory treatment, were
positive moderately correlated with turnover intention.
One of the prime inspirations for this work emerge from the need to deal with our
common assets (the Land). To build up a formal approach that can be utilized to
address the issues emerges from a mind boggling circumstance in land
administration. The capacity to track the progressions as it is connected to land
everywhere throughout the year. A considerable lot of the land exchanges are as yet
in light of 2D ideal models that have frustrated fast advancement in thickly urban
condition. The consideration of 3D enhanced the functionalities of different models.
Be that as it may, the dynamic idea of the land has an imperative part in the
advancement of the land administration framework. One of the significant reason the
expansion in intricacy in land utilize required that Land Administration Domain Model
(LADM) concept in land administration has an enhanced limit is to deal with the
current 2D and 3D. The need to talk about time dimension emerges from the way
that individuals relationship to the land has an exceptionally powerful nature, all the
LADM packages has time (Temporal) components. LADM completely bolster forming
(historical information) as all classes inherit from VersionObject, and all LA_RRR
object have the quality TimeSpace. 2D/3D space and time incorporation is not
profoundly integrated into a 3D/4D spatiotemporal portrayal. The preparatory test
case in this study affirmed the conceivable outcomes of having a move or
development (with time) of characteristic limits from their underlying positions. Thus,
the dynamic idea of the land in connection to man, the benefits of this model to the
land proprietors, land merchants, and the administration can't be over stressed. This
study tries to clarify the current 2D/3D approach and broke down preparatory
requirements for 4D with a specific end goal to see the estimation of the approach.
The primary future research exertion focuses on melding on the most proficient
method to coordinate the model completely into Country profile in the study area.
Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population
with an increasing and significant generation of waste. Environmental problems may
arise when the solid waste management is improper. The rate of generation is
increasing and the composition is also changing as the nation becomes more
urbanized and industrialized. The objective of this study is to present the data of
municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor Bahru,
Malaysia. The composition of MSW was studied by segregating it into different
components such as food waste, paper, glass, plastics, metal and tin aluminums. It
was observed that Taman Universiti area produced around 40% plastics waste which
was the highest component compared to other waste, followed by food waste and
papers with 38.2% and 21% respectively. Meanwhile, food waste was recorded the
highest moisture content with 38.2% while glass had the lowest moisture content
with 0.4%. The reliable estimate of MSW generated is important for proper waste
management planning. These data could enhance in implementation of waste
management system in that area.
Adolescents need more attention on eating habits as they go through a critical path
period of physical, physiological and psychological changes from children to adult.
Therefore, planning a proper healthy diet menu is important to adolescents to have
the sufficient nutrients for proper growth. However, manually plan healthy diet menu
is complicated, inefficient and time-consuming. The purpose of this study is to develop
a mathematical model of healthy diet menu plan that minimizes the daily fat intake
and meets the necessary nutrient intake for adolescents aged 13 between 17 years old
within the budget provided by Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) for Malaysia adolescent
in MARA Junior Science College (MJSC) boarding schools. Optimization approach and
binary integer programming method were used to address the diet problem in this
study. The finding of the study indicates that the developed mathematical model of
healthy diet menu plan for MJSC can generate menu plan that minimizes the total fat
intake at minimum level of requirement per day. This menu plan can be used as a
guideline for the management of the boarding schools to provide healthy diet meals
for their students.
This study is intended to focus on the aspects of police competency in implementing
Emergency Response Plan in National Stadium Bukit Jalil consequence to the current
rising trend of spectator’s violence. This new emerging trend has also given birth to
“Ultras Malaya” which is known for their fanaticism and have often cross the boundary
of safety and security. The methodology adopted is through the distribution of a set of
questionnaire to 150 respondents in Cheras Police District. Questionnaire were divided
into four broad categories. Except for demography, knowledge, skills and attitude were
measured by using Likert Scale. Knowledge was mainly to gauge the understanding of
the personnel on emergency, emergency preparedness and emergency response plan.
Skills was to gauge the proficiency to undertake tasks related to emergency response
in football stadiums. Attitude was to highlight the perception of the personnel towards
training and drill needs, the review of the emergency response plan and the capabilities
and the interoperability amongst authorities. Data was analyzed by the descriptive
mode such as frequency, mean and percentage. Findings revealed a performance gap
whereby majority of officers deployed at national Stadium lacked the necessary
experience and exposure to handle such volatile crowd and in a closed area. Hence the
understanding that RMP should be the key player in stadium safety should be revisited.
The study concluded by recommending a changing face in football policing through
increasing the absence of uniformed police, Stadium Management to be responsible
for the safety of spectators and appointment of stewards to fill the void created by
police withdrawal.
Dengue fever is an endemic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions. In
Malaysia, it is the leading public health challenge despite the extensive intervention
programs by the related authorities. Distribution of dengue cases in Malaysia varies
according to states and districts where cases are more distinct in urban and suburban
areas. Preparedness strategies of dengue cases could be more successful with some
comprehensive and technical analysis on disease incidences. Hence, the present study
analyses dengue cases using mathematical modelling in the state of Penang, one of the
more urbanised state. In particular, two time series models are fitted to the dengue
data from the region in order to identify the mathematical model that best describe
the data. Results show that both proposed models are able to represent the cases
rather well; however numerical inspection revealed that Double Exponential
Smoothing method is the better choice. Subsequently, the identified model is used to
make forecasting on the number of expected cases. Results show that dengue cases in
Penang are expected to increase gradually.
The Climatic performance of courtyard residential buildings needs to be
investigated if the assertion that courtyard is a microclimate modifier is to be
accepted. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the microclimatic performance
of two existing courtyard residential buildings with similar characteristics in
Kafanchan-Kaduna Nigeria, -the fully enclosed courtyard residential building and
the semi-enclosed courtyard residential building. The purpose of this research is
to investigate their microclimatic performances in other to establish the best
courtyard house. This study uses measurement to achieve its aim. The tool
employed for data collection is the Hobo Weather Data Loggers (HWDL). Three
HWDL were used to collect data in the two case-study, and the third one was
placed in the outside area as a benchmark. Only air temperature and relative
humidity were measured. This study revealed a tangible difference in the
microclimatic performance of the two case-study. The fully enclosed courtyard
residential building is seen to have air temperature difference of 1 oC to 3 oC, and
the relative humidity difference of 4 % to 8 %. In conclusion, the fully enclosed
courtyard house demonstrated a more favorable microclimatic performance than
the semi-enclosed, and further simulation studies towards its optimization are
required.
Lack of parking space has become major contributing factor to traffic congestion
which may affect the environmental condition due to incalculable amounts of wasted
fuel and carbon emission. Congestion and parking are interrelated as looking for
parking space may create additional delay and impair local circulation. The proposed
automatic parking system which embedded with radio frequency identification (RFID)
and internet of things (IoTs) module will introduce a monitoring platform for the
parking space. This intelligent parking system makes it possible for the drivers to
obtain information beforehand through their mobile hand phone application or any
display available. This paper describes the mechanical design of automatic indoor
parking space with the advancement of sensor networks application known as RFID.
The design criterias were studied to develop a parking prototype which dealing with
number of degree of freedom as well as movement mechanism. The result presented
at the end of this paper was evaluated from the engineering analysis using the
developed parking prototype to meet system performance as well as design safety
factor.
Climate change is undeniably the greatest issue facing our society. Around the globe,
increasingly unpredictable weather patterns and extreme weather events are
observed, causing considerable risks to human lives, properties and health safety and
also on the natural ecosystem. The magnitude and impacts of climate change are
growing, and particularly in Malaysia, studies show increases in temperature and
changes in rainfall regimes. Such changes have profound implications, especially for
coastal communities. Since knowledge and perceptions of the public on climate change
could affect the success of implemented adaptation and mitigation options, it is
essential to conduct assessments to gather such information. A public awareness and
perception study was conducted at Sabak and Tanjung Karang, two coastal
communities which were affected by changes in sea level and flooding incidences. The
knowledge level and perceptions of climate change among respondents were assessed
covering areas such as level of awareness of the respondents, their perceptions of
climate change issues, their sentiments on climate change and adaptation measures,
their socio-economic activity and the effect on their lives. Results show that majority
of respondents were aware of climate change issues and challenges. High levels of
concern about climate change were expressed with the majority were worried and
uncertain about the climate change impact and hoped for government measures.
Almost half of respondents cited significant damage to their properties and reduction
in income generation. Overall, the results of the present study gave insights of the
affected parties on perceptions and awareness pertaining to climate change, which
could potentially be used to promote greater awareness of climate change matters and
to gauge the public response to related policies and strategies.
Mobile learning (M-learning) is considered as a development process of Electronic learning
(E-Learning) that used to meet some of issues in E-learning such as wireless environment and
accessibility. In spite of having many benefits and advantages for using M-learning, many challenges
and issues still facing mobile learning technology to become a part of most of the Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs) strategies. This paper aims to examine the barriers to M-learning adoption by HEIs
in Malaysia. To do so, a quantitative research methodology was used in data collection. Online
questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to 150 respondents in three universities. The result analysis
brought out that mobile storage size, limitation of mobile memory and mobile battery life are the main
barriers of using mobile in learning process.
With the rapid evolution of smart devices, ease of availability and accessibility of Internet
application services, the demand of user's level of satisfaction are constantly growing. This creates
challenges when mobile users in large quantity gather at confine places creating a scenario of highdensity
wireless network environment (HDWN). Guaranteeing high quality of services (QoS) without
proper understanding of user’s expectations and their Quality of Experience (QoE) may lead to over
provisioning of resources. This poses different challenges to network service providers. Moreover,
limited studies have been found relating to QoE in dense network. The objective of this paper is to
develop mapping mechanism that maps QoS parameters onto QoE metrics in HDWN. This paper
proposes fuzzy-genetic algorithm to map QoS-QoE based on the critical comparative analysis of
different mechanisms. Preliminary analysis had been done based on mathematical model to establish
the correlation between QoS parameters (delay and jitter) and QoE metrics (satisfaction) to determine
the maximum and minimum impairment threshold. Further, the correlation between QoS-QoE had been
evaluated with varying traffic load to determine the traffic load impact on QoE. Also the load threshold
was found, that would help the network providers to take proper measure to maintain user’s satisfaction
as the maximum threshold limit is reached.
Mobile health (m-health) has become one of most concerned and developing areas in
healthcare industry. There are large numbers of m-health application available in the market. Yet,
neither theorist nor practitioners has discover or develop a framework in evaluating the impact of nonclinical
m-health application. In healthcare industry, it is very important for an m-health application
to be tested first before release to market, as this could lead to negative impact towards user especially
patients. Money could be wasted and the m-health apps might not derived correct output. To avoid a
failure in using non-clinical m-health application, the impact of using it need to be evaluated.
Nonetheless, to come out with a proposed framework for m-health apps evaluation, the theories and
results of the existing frameworks should be referred to. Thus, this research aimed to discuss on the
previous frameworks that are possible to be used as reference in proposing the intended framework.
The new developed framework is expected to be significant and valuable for all m-health developers
and doctors in the design and use of non-clinical m-health application.
The past decade has seen a growing recognition internationally that children have a right
to participate in matters that affect their lives. In a family legal proceeding, it is in practice left to the
discretion of a judge to decide whether the child is heard. Interviews have become the most common
approach by family court judges in Malaysia to resolve problematic custody disputes. However, many
family law practitioners believe that this can be detrimental to the children as the judges are not experts
in child psychology and counselling. Hence, this article intends to critique the effectiveness of Sulh
(mediation) procedure in resolving custody dispute (hadhanah) in the Syariah Court. Despite the
importance of consulting the affected children, their views are rarely sought nor acknowledged within
the judicial setting. Legal fraternity and parents play a significant influence on whether children’s are
heard in court and Sulh chamber. There is a need for further research to explore legal professionals’ and parents’ perspectives on children’s active involvement in decision-making. This information could
be used to develop guidelines that will assist professionals and parent in facilitating and supporting
children’s participation.
Al-20%Mg2Si composite was in situ synthesized and modified by the addition of Ba and Bi;
the microstructure of the resulting composites will be investigated. It is expected that the comodification
with Ba and Bi effectively refined the morphology of Mg2Si which is attributed to the
formation of fine Ba2Bi particles that acted as the heterogeneous nucleation sites for the primary Mg2Si
particles, resulting in a refined distribution of these precipitates. Therefore, the addition of Ba and Bi
can provide a better effect than only the addition of Bi or Ba separately.
This work will explain the processes that follow a reservoir heterogeneity analysis that is
conducted using image logs. The data for this work comprises of image logs of tree wells, which are
obtained from Gachsaran field. The main formations under study in this work are the Asmari
formation, Pabdeh formation and Gurpi formation. This work will explain the process through a
number of valuable log interpretation examples.
Empty fruit bunches and wastepaper together with urea formaldehyde (UF) were
evaluated to figure out potential applications in engineering field. The purpose of this project is to
determine the mechanical properties of a new high density board. This composite was manufactured
by hot-press technique with 3 different ratios i.e. 10:0, 6.67:3.33 and 9.33:0.67. The mechanical
properties were evaluated using the GOTECH/AI-7000M Electronic Mechanical Testing. Tensile tests
were carried out according to ASTM D638. The results were analysed to calculate the tensile
strength. Tensile strength at break ranged from 4.712 N/mm2 to 12.941 N/mm2 while hardness
number obtained ranged from 6.76 RHN to 75.84 RHN. This fibreboard has better properties when
reinforced with wastepaper compared to that of 100% empty fruit bunches. It is also found that the
hardness number is higher, which means that this fibreboard can withstand any load not more than
75.84 RHN. Finally, through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the surface structure of the new
high density board has been studied in terms of their surface morphology.