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Displaying publications 101 - 105 of 105 in total

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Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Donaghue K, Jeanne Wong SL

Curr Diabetes Rev, 2017;13(6):533-543.
PMID: 28120713 DOI: 10.2174/1573399813666170124095113

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a result of macrovascular changes is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). While CVD complications are seen predominantly in adulthood, the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and is accelerated in patients with T1DM. This review focuses on the epidemiology of traditional CVD risk factors in adolescents with T1DM, its association with markers of CVD and an overview of studies looking into each individual risk factor.
CONCLUSION: The risk factors that are reviewed here are hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy. We highlight the importance of early identification, and interventions, which include optimizing glycemic control, pharmacotherapy, regular physical activity and dietary changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Smoking/adverse effects
Trench Mouth

Chaubal T, Bapat R

Am J Med, 2017 Nov;130(11):e493-e494.
PMID: 28602875 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.05.020
Matched MeSH terms: Smoking/adverse effects*
Fulltext VitalQPlus: a potential screening tool for early diagnosis of COPD

Sui CF, Ming LC, Neoh CF, Ibrahim B

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2015;10:1613-22.
PMID: 26316735 DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S84618

Background: This study utilized a validated combination of a COPD Population Screener
(COPD-PS) questionnaire and a handheld spirometric device as a screening tool for patients at high risk of COPD, such as smokers. The study aimed to investigate and pilot the feasibility and application of this combined assessment, which we termed the “VitalQPlus”, as a screening tool for the early detection of COPD, especially in primary care settings.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study screening potentially undiagnosed COPD patients using a validated five-item COPD-PS questionnaire together with a handheld spirometric device. Patients were recruited from selected Malaysian government primary care health centers.
Results: Of the total of 83 final participants, only 24.1% (20/83) were recruited from Perak and Penang (peninsular Malaysia) compared to 75.9% (63/83) from Sabah (Borneo region). Our dual assessment approach identified 8.4% of the surveyed patients as having potentially undiagnosed COPD. When only the Vitalograph COPD-6 screening tool was used, 15.8% of patients were detected with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV1/FEV6) ratio at <0.75, while 35.9% of patients were detected with the COPD-PS questionnaire. These findings suggested that this dual assessment approach has a greater chance of identifying potentially undiagnosed COPD patients compared to the Vitalograph COPD-6 or COPD-PS questionnaire when used alone. Our findings show that patients with more symptoms (scores of >=5) yielded twice the percentage of outcomes of FEV1/FEV6 <0.75 compared to patients with fewer COPD symptoms (scores <5).
Conclusion: With the availability of a simple screening questionnaire and the COPD-6, there is an opportunity easily to make patients more aware of their lung symptoms and to encourage the provision of early treatment. The proposed dual assessment approach, which we termed the VitalQPlus, may play a profound role in the early diagnosis of COPD, which is crucial in improving the clinical management of the disease.
Keywords: spirometry, pulmonary function test, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
airway obstruction

Matched MeSH terms: Smoking/adverse effects
Fulltext XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism, smoking and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer among Malaysians

Ahmad Aizat AA, Siti Nurfatimah MS, Aminudin MM, Ankathil R

World J Gastroenterol, 2013 Jun 21;19(23):3623-8.
PMID: 23801864 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i23.3623

To investigate the risk association of xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) Lys939Gln polymorphism alone and in combination with cigarette smoking on colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition.

Matched MeSH terms: Smoking/adverse effects*
Fulltext Young coronary artery disease in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Zuhdi AS, Mariapun J, Mohd Hairi NN, Wan Ahmad WA, Abidin IZ, Undok AW, et al.

Ann Saudi Med, 2014 1 15;33(6):572-8.
PMID: 24413861 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2013.572

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Understanding the nature and pattern of young coronary artery disease (CAD) is important due to the tremendous impact on these patients' socio-economic and physical aspect. Data on young CAD in the southeast Asian region is rather patchy and limited. Hence we utilized our National Cardiovascular Disease Database (NCVD)-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Registry to analyze young patients who underwent PCI in the year 2007 to 2009.
DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This is a retrospective study of all patients who had undergone coronary angioplasty from 2007 to 2009 in 11 hospitals across Malaysia.
METHODS: Data were obtained from the NCVD-PCI Registry, 2007 to 2009. Patients were categorized into 2 groups-young and old, where young was defined as less than 45 years for men and less than 55 years for women and old was defined as more than or equals to 45 years for men and more than or equals to 55 years for women. Patients' baseline characteristics, risk factor profile, extent of coronary disease and outcome on dis.charge, and 30-day and 1-year follow-up were compared between the 2 groups.
RESULTS: We analyzed 10268 patients, and the prevalence of young CAD was 16% (1595 patients). There was a significantly low prevalence of Chinese patients compared to other major ethnic groups. Active smoking (30.2% vs 17.7%) and obesity (20.9% vs 17.3%) were the 2 risk factors more associated with young CAD. There is a preponderance toward single vessel disease in the young CAD group, and they had a favorable clinical outcome in terms of all-cause mortality at discharge (RR 0.49 [CI 0.26-0.94]) and 1-year follow-up (RR 0.47 [CI 0.19-1.15]).
CONCLUSION: We observed distinctive features of young CAD that would serve as a framework in the primary and secondary prevention of the early onset CAD.

Matched MeSH terms: Smoking/adverse effects