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Scanning electron microscopic assessment on surface morphology of preserved human amniotic membrane after gamma sterilisation

Ab Hamid SS, Zahari NK, Yusof N, Hassan A

Cell Tissue Bank, 2014 Mar;15(1):15-24.
PMID: 23187886 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9353-x

Human amniotic membrane that has been processed and sterilised by gamma irradiation is widely used as a biological dressing in surgical applications. The morphological structure of human amniotic membrane was studied under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess effects of gamma radiation on human amniotic membrane following different preservation methods. The amniotic membrane was preserved by either air drying or submerged in glycerol before gamma irradiated at 15, 25 and 35 kGy. Fresh human amniotic membrane, neither preserved nor irradiated was used as the control. The surface morphology of glycerol preserved amnion was found comparable to the fresh amniotic membrane. The cells of the glycerol preserved was beautifully arranged, homogonous in size and tended to round up. The cell structure in the air dried preserved amnion seemed to be flattened and dehydrated. The effects of dehydration on intercellular channels and the microvilli on the cell surface were clearly seen at higher magnifications (10,000×). SEM revealed that the changes of the cell morphology of the glycerol preserved amnion were visible at 35 kGy while the air dried already changed at 25 kGy. Glycerol preservation method is recommended for human amniotic membrane as the cell morphological structure is maintained and radiation doses lower than 25 kGy for sterilization did not affect the appearance of the preserved amnion.
DNMT1 is associated with cell cycle and DNA replication gene sets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Loo SK, Ab Hamid SS, Musa M, Wong KK

Pathol Res Pract, 2018 Jan;214(1):134-143.
PMID: 29137822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.10.005

Dysregulation of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is associated with the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. It has been previously shown that DNMT1 is frequently expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), however its functions remain to be elucidated in the disease. In this study, we gene expression profiled (GEP) shRNA targeting DNMT1(shDNMT1)-treated germinal center B-cell-like DLBCL (GCB-DLBCL)-derived cell line (i.e. HT) compared with non-silencing shRNA (control shRNA)-treated HT cells. Independent gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) performed using GEPs of shRNA-treated HT cells and primary GCB-DLBCL cases derived from two publicly-available datasets (i.e. GSE10846 and GSE31312) produced three separate lists of enriched gene sets for each gene sets collection from Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Subsequent Venn analysis identified 268, 145 and six consensus gene sets from analyzing gene sets in C2 collection (curated gene sets), C5 sub-collection [gene sets from gene ontology (GO) biological process ontology] and Hallmark collection, respectively to be enriched in positive correlation with DNMT1 expression profiles in shRNA-treated HT cells, GSE10846 and GSE31312 datasets [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. Cell cycle progression and DNA replication were among the significantly enriched biological processes (FDR <0.05). Expression of genes involved in the activation of cell cycle and DNA replication (e.g. CDK1, CCNA2, E2F2, PCNA, RFC5 and POLD3) were highly correlated (r>0.8) with DNMT1 expression and significantly downregulated (log fold-change
Effect of gamma radiation on the expression of mRNA growth factors in glycerol cryopreserved human amniotic membrane

Yatim RM, Kannan TP, Ab Hamid SS

Cell Tissue Bank, 2016 Dec;17(4):643-651.
PMID: 27535136

Human amniotic membrane (HAM) due to its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, anti-microbial, anti-viral properties as well as the presence of growth factors has been used in various clinical applications. The growth factors play an important role in wound healing. The current study aimed to explore the effect of 15 kGy gamma radiation dose on selected growth factors and receptors mRNA present in HAM. Eight growth factors, namely, EGF, HGF, KGF, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and bFGF and two growth factor receptors, HGFR and KGFR were evaluated in this study. The total RNA was extracted and converted to complimentary DNA using commercial kits. Subsequently, the mRNA expressions of these growth factors were evaluated using real-time PCR and the results were statistically analyzed using REST-MCS software. This study confirmed the presence of these mRNA growth factors and receptors in fresh, glycerol cryopreserved and irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM. In glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of HGF and bFGF and down-regulation of EGF, HGFR, KGF, KGFR, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 relative to the fresh HAM which acted as the control, whereas in irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of EGF, HGF, KGF, KGFR, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 and down-regulation of HGFR, TGF-α and bFGF relative to the glycerol cryopreserved HAM which acted as the control. However, these mRNA expressions did not show any statistical significant difference compared to the control groups. This study concluded that a dose of 15 kGy of gamma radiation did not affect the mRNA expression for the growth factors' and receptors' in the glycerol cryopreserved HAM.
Retrospective review of the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among antenatal mothers attending health clinics in Alor Gajah, Melaka

Ali N, Nur Kalmi Z, Sanusi NS, Ahad A, Mohd Khairuddin NA, Rosman SR, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2022 Nov 30;17(3):137-143.
PMID: 36606167 DOI: 10.51866/oa.135

INTRODUCTION: Anaemia is common during pregnancy and can lead to miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation, premature labour and antepartum haemorrhage. Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) level of <11 g/dL.
METHOD: This retrospective review included 407 antenatal mothers diagnosed with anaemia at 36±1 weeks of gestation at all 10 health clinics in Alor Gajah between January and December 2018.
RESULTS: According to the district annual returns, 2,407 antenatal mothers (36 weeks of gestation) were registered in the health clinics in Alor Gajah in 2018. Among them, the prevalence of anaemia was 18.6% (n=448). However, there were only 407 cards found. Most participants were Malays (89.4%), aged 20-40 years (93.6%) and married (96.3%). Almost all anaemia cases (96.5%) were mild (Hb level of 9-10.9 g/dL). Approximately 34.4% of the mothers were already anaemic at booking; 77.6% belonged to the B40 income group; and 31.6% had poor pregnancy spacing of <2 years. Iron deficiency anaemia was the most common type of anaemia (51.0%), followed by dilutional anaemia (34.0%), which did not normalise at 36 weeks of gestation. Anaemia was associated with lower educational (p<0.05) and Hb levels at booking (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Having normal maternal Hb levels in early pregnancy especially at booking is crucial, as it may reduce the possibility of anaemia during pregnancy. Early screening and supplementation of at-risk pregnancies may be applied as a preventive strategy. Suitable methods of iron treatment and investigation need further exploration.