METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in all four Kelantan tertiary care hospitals from December 2019 to February 2020. A stratified random selection method was used to obtain a sample of 438 registered nurses. A validated WHO self-administered HH knowledge and perception questionnaire for healthcare personnel was used to measure HH knowledge, perception, and self-reported HH performance.
RESULTS: The mean (SD) score of knowledge was 15.08 (1.96) out of the total 25. The score of perception participants towards HH was 68.02 (10.14) out of the total 81 and the average self-reported HH performance was 87.58 (12.03) out of 100. Pearson's correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between perception and knowledge scores; r (436) =0.17, p<0.001 and Perception and self-reported HH performance scores; r (436) =0.27, p<0.001.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong link between knowledge and perception scores. Lack of understanding of HH during patient care might lead to a negative perception, which can affect overall self-reported HH performance. The need of monitoring and maintaining HH knowledge among nurses was established in this study.
Objectives: We developed a new equation based on the gold standard of 99mTc-DTPA imaging measured GFR. We then performed an internal validation by comparing the bias, precision, and accuracy of the new equation and the other equations with the gold standard of 99mTc-DTPA imaging measured GFR.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the existing record of patients who were referred for 99mTc-DTPA imaging at the Nuclear Medicine Centre, International Islamic University Malaysia. As this is a retrospective study utilising routinely collected data from the existing pool of data, the ethical committee has waived the need for informed consent.
Results: Data of 187 patients were analysed from January 2016 to March 2021. Of these, 94 were randomised to the development cohort and 93 to the validation cohort. A new equation of eGFR was determined as 16.637 ∗ 0.9935Age ∗ (SCr/23.473)-0.45159. In the validation cohort, both CKD-EPI and the new equation had the highest correlation to 99mTc-DTPA with a correlation coefficient of 0.81 (p < 0.0001). However, the new equation had the least bias and was the most precise (mean bias of -3.58 ± 12.01) and accurate (P30 of 64.5% and P50 of 84.9%) compared to the other equations.
Conclusion: The new equation which was developed specifically using our local data population was the most accurate and precise, with less bias compared to the other equations. Further study validating this equation in the perioperative and intensive care patients is needed.