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  1. Kamal, I., Said, M. A., Bathumalai, J., Abdul Razak, H. R., Abdul Karim, M. K.
    MyJurnal
    The whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) and gallium-68 (Ga-68 DOTATATE) are the most common radiopharmaceutical use in PET/CT imaging for cancer staging. Although radiopharmaceutical for PET/CT examination has been acknowledged for its safety and efficacy, the internal dosimetry and effective dose (ED) from the examinations are rarely discussed. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate radiation ED for whole-body radiopharmaceuticals PET/CT concerning patients’ gender and their weight. A total of 82 oncology patients (44 males and 38 females) were collected retrospectively from Institut Kanser Negara, Putrajaya. Data, such as 18F-FDG and Ga-68 DOTATATE activity and patient demography (weight, height, age), were recorded and analyzed. Effective doses from both internal and external exposure were calculated using the coefficient
    provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) report. The total ED of 18F-FDG for male patients was 20.2 ± 8.6 mSv and for female patients were 19.0 ± 8.2 mSv while total whole-body ED for Ga-68 DOTATATE for male patients was 18.5 ± 7.0 mSv and 17.0 ± 5.6 mSv for female patients. The ratio for ED between male and female were 1:1 for both examinations ranged from 12.0 – 23 mSv. From this study, it indicated that the ED of Ga-68 DOTATATE was far lower when compared to the ED of 18F-FDG by a factor of 0.7. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the PET/CT protocol dose in order to uphold the dose as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
  2. Kamal, I., Salehhon, N., Hashim, S., Musa, Y., Abdul Karim, M. K.
    MyJurnal
    The aimed of this study is to estimate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of routine chest X-ray (CXR) examination and to compare the direct and indirect measurement. This study also extended to relate with the patients body thickness and established lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of the examinations. A total of 101 CXR examinations in posteroanterior (PA) projections were selected
    as subjects and data, such as patient habitus and scanning acquisition parameters were recorded. The mean ESD value obtained from the TLD-100 and the software calculation was 0.31 mGy and 0.17 mGy, respectively. The percentage deviation obtained ranged from 25.5% to 61.3%. In comparison with the national diagnostic reference level (DRL), the mean values of ESD obtained from this study were lower by a factor of 3. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean absorbed dose of the adrenals, kidneys, lungs, oesophagus, and heart walls were lower as compared to the ESD value. The examinations were only associated with very low risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Hence, the results of this study suggested a need for standardisations of the personnel training to perform X-ray examinations according to ALARA principles.
  3. Abdulwahid Mohammad Noor K, Mohd Norsuddin N, Che Isa IN, Abdul Karim MK
    Radiography (Lond), 2024 Jul;30(4):1041-1052.
    PMID: 38723445 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.04.019
    INTRODUCTION: Breast imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection and management of breast cancer, with visual quality, modality innovation and diagnostic performance being key factors in achieving accurate diagnoses and optimal patient outcomes. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on the three above elements focusing on breast imaging, aiming to uncover publication trends, identify influential works and authors, and highlight future research directions.

    METHODS: We employed a methodical bibliometric approach, making use of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases for gathering literatures. We planned our search strategy, concentrating on terms linked to "breast imaging," "image quality," and "diagnostic accuracy" to ensure a systematic examination of the subject. The enhanced search functions in these databases enabled us to narrow down and improve our findings, choosing only the articles, conference papers, and book sections that are most relevant. After conducting a thorough screening process to remove duplicates and evaluate significance, we utilized ScientoPy and VOSviewer software for an in-depth bibliometric analysis. This helped to explore trends in publications, patterns of citations, and thematic groups, giving us a better understanding of how the field has changed and where it currently stands. Our approach prioritized assessing methodological quality and bias in the studies we included, guaranteeing the reliability of our findings.

    RESULTS: We reviewed 2984 relevant publications, revealing a consistent annual growth rate of 2.8% in breast imaging research, with the United States and Europe leading in contributions. The study found that advancements in radiological technologies and international collaboration are driving forces behind the field's expansion. Key subject areas such as 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Medical Imaging' dominated, underscoring their impact on diagnostic quality. Notable authors and institutions have been identified for their influential research, characterized by high citation metrics and significant scholarly impact.

    CONCLUSION: The study shows a continuous increase in research on breast imaging, considered by new technologies and teamwork defining the present time. The assessment highlights a key move towards utilizing digital imaging methods and computational analysis, affecting the improvement of future diagnostic procedures and patients' results. The study highlights the importance of continued international collaborations to tackle the new barriers in breast imaging and make the most of technological progress.

    IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study shows a focus on using interdisciplinary methods and cutting-edge technology in breast imaging to help healthcare professionals improve their performance and accuracy in diagnosis. Recognizing vital research and emerging trends should guide clinical guidelines, radiology training, and patient care plans to encourage the use of effective techniques and stimulate innovation in diagnostic approaches.

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