MyMedR

Displaying all 2 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features for Distinguishing High-Grade From Low-Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hauwanga WN, McBenedict B, Goh KS, Yau RCC, Thomas A, Alphonse B, et al.

Cureus, 2024 Oct;16(10):e72784.
PMID: 39618573 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72784

Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors characterized by heterogeneity and are associated with a high mortality rate. Histopathological grading is considered a pivotal factor in prognostication and treatment planning. While core needle biopsy exhibits high accuracy in determining tumor histology, it fails in some cases, potentially misclassifying high-grade tumors as low-grade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been evaluated as an adjunctive tool for predicting histopathological tumor grade. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated MRI features capable of distinguishing high-grade from low-grade tumors in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central in May 2024. The following features were evaluated for both low-grade and high-grade tumors: tumor size, heterogeneity on T2, presence of necrotic areas, margin definition on T1, and post-contrast peritumoral enhancement. Statistical analysis was conducted using the OpenMeta[Analyst] software (Providence, RI: Brown University), applying random effects models for pooled analyses with a 95% confidence interval (CI) based on the inverse variance method. A total of four studies, involving 343 patients categorized by tumor grade (high-grade or low-grade), who underwent MRI, were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis found similar incidences of tumor sizes less than 5 cm in both high-grade and low-grade tumors (22.7%; 95% CI: 10.3-25% vs. 27%; 95% CI: 2.7-51.2%) and tumor sizes greater than 5 cm (71.3%; 95% CI: 64-78.6% vs. 52%; 95% CI: 23.6-80.5%). High-grade tumors showed a higher incidence of post-contrast peritumoral enhancement compared to low-grade tumors (66%; 95% CI: 43-89% vs. 26%; 95% CI: 4.6-47.4%) as well as heterogeneity on T2 greater than 50% (72.4%; 95% CI: 49.3-95.4% vs. 25.4%; 95% CI: 5.2-56%). Additionally, high-grade tumors had a lower incidence of the absence of necrotic signal compared to low-grade tumors (28.8%; 95% CI: 8.5-49.1% vs. 68%; 95% CI: 57.5-78.6%). Our findings suggest that post-contrast peritumoral enhancement, presence of necrotic areas, and heterogeneity on T2 greater than 50% are MRI features associated with high-grade tumors in soft tissue sarcoma. Tumor size, however, does not appear to be a reliable indicator for differentiating tumor grade.
Fulltext Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against Glycoprotein G of Nipah Henipavirus Using Immunoinformatics Approaches

Mohammed AA, Shantier SW, Mustafa MI, Osman HK, Elmansi HE, Osman IA, et al.

J Immunol Res, 2020;2020:2567957.
PMID: 32377531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2567957

Background: Nipah belongs to the genus Henipavirus and the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an endemic most commonly found at South Asia and has first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. Bats are found to be the main reservoir for this virus, causing disease in both humans and animals. The last outbreak has occurred in May 2018 in Kerala. It is characterized by high pathogenicity and fatality rates which varies from 40% to 70% depending on the severity of the disease and on the availability of adequate healthcare facilities. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available for NiV disease and the treatment is just supportive. Clinical presentations for this virus range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis.
Objective: This study is aimed at predicting an effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus, using immunoinformatics approaches.
Methods and Materials: Glycoprotein G of the Nipah virus sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the epitopes, namely, BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B Cell Epitope Predictor for B cell and T cell MHC classes II and I. Then, the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program. Results and Conclusions. The two peptides TVYHCSAVY and FLIDRINWI have showed a very strong binding affinity to MHC class I and MHC class II alleles. Furthermore, considering the conservancy, the affinity, and the population coverage, the peptide FLIDRINWIT is highly suitable to be utilized to formulate a new vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus. An in vivo study for the proposed peptides is also highly recommended.

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links