METHODS: Mangosteen peel extract was formulated into amorphous solid dispersions using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 at a 1:3 polymer ratio via solvent evaporation and fluidized bed drying methods. Solubility enhancement was evaluated under standardized conditions, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was assessed through IC50 determination. Comparative analysis against acarbose and quercetin standards was performed.

RESULTS: Solvent evaporation achieved 2.1-fold solubility enhancement, while fluidized bed drying yielded 1.8-fold improvement. The mangosteen peel extract demonstrated superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 20.13 ± 0.02 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 379.75 ± 0.57 μg/mL) but remained less potent than quercetin (IC50 = 2.97 ± 0.05 μg/mL). When normalized to equivalent α- mangostin concentrations, fluidized bed drying preserved inhibitory activity more effectively (IC50 = 112.87 ± 0.06 μg/mL) than solvent evaporation (IC50 = 1238.48 ± 0.51 μg/mL).

DISCUSSION: The manufacturing method significantly influenced both solubility and biological activity. Solvent evaporation maximized solubility enhancement but compromised enzyme inhibitory potency, whereas fluidized bed drying maintained superior inhibitory activity despite moderate solubility improvement. This trade-off suggests that formulation strategy selection should prioritize the desired therapeutic outcome.