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  1. Fulltext Sociodemographic Factors of Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: the COVID-19 Mental Health International Study
    Razali S, Tukhvatullina D, Hashim NA, Raduan NJN, Anne SJ, Ismail Z, et al.
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2022 Dec;32(4):82-88.
    PMID: 36578182 DOI: 10.12809/eaap2204
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of depression and the sociodemographic factors associated with depression in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS. This study is part of the COVID-19 Mental Health International Study to collect data on the impact of the pandemic on mental health through an online survey. People who were aged ≥18 years, able to read Malay or English, had access to the internet, and consented to participate were asked to complete a pro forma questionnaire to collect their sociodemographic data. The presence of distress and depression was assessed using the English or Malay version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

    RESULTS: Of 963 participants, 451 (46.8%) had depression and 512 (53.2%) had no depression who were either normal (n = 169, 17.5%) or had distress (n = 343, 35.6%). Participants had higher odds of having depression when living with two people (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.896, p = 0.001), three people (AOR = 2.622, p < 0.001) or four people (AOR = 3.135, p < 0.001). Participants with three children had higher odds of having depression (AOR = 2.084, p = 0.008), whereas having only one child was a protective factor for depression (AOR = 0.481, p = 0.01). Participants had higher odds of having depression when self-employed (AOR = 3.825, p = 0.003), retired (AOR = 4.526, p = 0.001), being housekeeper (AOR = 7.478, p = 0.004), not working by choice (AOR = 5.511, p < 0.001), or unemployed (AOR = 3.883, p = 0.009). Participants had higher odds of depression when living in a small town (AOR = 3.193, p < 0.001) or rural area (AOR = 3.467, p < 0.001). Participants with no chronic medical illness had lower odds of having depression (AOR = 0.589, p = 0.008).

    CONCLUSION: In Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, people who are living with two, three, or four people, having three children, living in a small town or rural areas, and having unstable income have higher odds of having depression. Urgent intervention for those at risk of depression is recommended.

  2. Fulltext Colour vision deficiency among failed candidates for driving license in Sabah. [Abstract]
    Azmi N, Yahya AN, Gilong HCS, Anne SJ, Ting RHY, Amil Bangsa NH, et al.
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;3(101):11-12.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Good visual acuity (VA) coupled with the ability to discriminate colours and having a sufficiently wide field of view are factors needed for safe driving. This study aimed to determine the types of colour vision deficiency (CVD) among failed candidates for driving license and to identify the accuracy of the Road transport Department (RTD) screening tests in detecting those who have poor VA and CVD in Sabah.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study on the patient’s records of all failed candidates for the driving license that were referred for further assessment by an optometrist. This study was conducted at eight hospitals in Sabah from March to June 2019. Basic demographic data, distance VA, Ishihara test and Farnsworth-Munsell D15 test were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results. All subjects referred with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.3 LogMAR were included.
    Results: A total of 73 subjects (79% males and 21% females), age range from 16 to 61 years (mean 29±13 years) were recruited. Bajau, Dusun, Bugis and Kadazan were the major ethnic among the subjects. Mean VA on attendance was 0.1 ± 0.19 LogMAR, while BCVA was 0.0 ± 0.07 LogMAR. Thirty-six subjects (49%) were found to have CVD. The prevalence of CVD was more in males than females (45% vs 4%). Most of the CVD were deutans (25%) followed by protans (22%), no findings of tritan CVD In this study, 37 subjects (51%) passed the Ishihara test. These were the false-positive error of the RTD screening tests.
    Conclusions: Hereditary red-green perceptive disorder was the commonest CVD in Sabah. The severity of CVD was not been evaluated in this study because it is best evaluated using Hardy Rand and Rittler (HRR) test. The false-positive results might be because of technical error or unfamiliar of using computerized colour vision test, especially among elderly candidates. Visual field screening might be considered in the future to ensure safe driving.
    Keywords:visual acuity (VA), colour vision deficiency (CVD), driving license
    NMRR Research ID: NMRR-19-1785-48811
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