The amygdala is a complex cellular structure situated centrally in the brain, adjacent to the hippocampus. It is an integral part of the limbic system and is essential for the processing of emotional reactions. The amygdala possesses extensive connections to multiple brain regions, enabling it to acquire sensory information and affect responses. The amygdaloid complex has over ten nuclei located in the mid-temporal lobe. It is quite likely that the primary root of certain anxiety disorders in humans, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, is a dysfunction in the processing of information associated with fear. This article analyzes the anatomical and physiological foundations suggested to support amygdala function.