MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involves a total of 650 patients who were divided into two groups: the intervention group, which received care according to ERAS protocols, and the control group, which received standard postoperative care. Patients aged >18 years and scheduled for elective abdominal surgery were included in the study.
RESULTS: The mean age of patients in ERAS group were 56.4 ± 12.3 years, while in the standard care group 57.1 ± 11.8 years. Out of 650 patients, there were 339 male and 311 female. Patients were selected from different surgery departments. The ERAS group had lower 30-day readmission rates (6.2% vs. 15.4%), quicker mobilization (12.5 vs. 24.8 hours), and faster resumption of oral intake (8.6 vs. 18.2 hours). Pain levels were lower (VAS 3.1 vs. 5.8), and patient satisfaction was higher (89% vs. 74%) in the ERAS group, with all differences being statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that ERAS protocols significantly improve postoperative outcomes, including reducing complications, shortening hospital stays, and lowering readmission rates for patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery.
METHODS: Using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient, geographic variations and temporal trends were analysed alongside associations between prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and Socio-demographic index (SDI).
RESULTS: The study reveals a modest overall decline in anemia prevalence by 11.9%, from 464.53 million cases in 1990 to 409.07 million in 2021. High-SDI regions such as East Asia achieved significant reductions (- 71.36%), with countries like Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Seychelles, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) showing substantial progress. In stark contrast, low-SDI countries, including Yemen (108.34%) and Afghanistan (130.28%), along with Cambodia, India, and Pakistan, experienced alarming increases. Dietary iron deficiency was the dominant cause, followed by hemoglobinopathies and neglected tropical diseases. Females, particularly adolescents, and children under five faced disproportionate burdens, with prevalence rates in low-SDI regions exceeding 47,000 per 100,000 compared to