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  1. Brutus JP, Chang MC, Ahmad AA, Apard T
    Hand Surg Rehabil, 2024 Feb;43(1):101610.
    PMID: 38393765 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2023.10.004
    The gold-standard for bone, ligament and joint surgery in the wrist is locoregional anesthesia in most countries. Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is commonly used for simple soft-tissue hand surgery procedures such as carpal tunnel or trigger finger release, and can now also be safely used in procedures such as proximal row carpectomy, scapholunate ligament repair or partial wrist fusion, to name but a few. This article describes the use of WALANT for complex surgery in the wrist. WALANT surgery offers many known benefits, such as enhanced patient safety and comfort, simplified perioperative process and avoidance of anesthesia-related risks, and also allows the surgeon to perform intraoperative testing of the repaired structures. Thus, the surgeon can tailor the rehabilitation program and shorten recovery time. We describe detailed guidelines for performing WALANT procedures safely and effectively, making it a favorable option for complex surgeries in the wrist.
  2. Brutus JP, Ahmad AA, Apard T, Tchiloemba B, Chang MC, Lalonde DH
    Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2025 Mar;13(3):e6568.
    PMID: 40125471 DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006568
    BACKGROUND: Minimally painful tumescent local anesthesia ensures patients feel only the first needle insertion, with no further pain. This technique includes real-time patient feedback, where they report each pain event during injection.

    METHODS: This prospective study involved 154 consecutive patients undergoing wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery at 3 hand surgery centers (January-April 2024). Patients objectively scored pain events during injection and rated pain intensity (0-10 Likert scale), intraoperative pain, anxiety, and overall experience.

    RESULTS: During local anesthesia injection, 61 (40%) patients reported no pain, 92 (59.7%) reported 1 pain event, and 1 (0.7%) patient reported 2 events. Among the 93 patients who felt pain, 90 reported only mild discomfort (1-2 of 10), whereas 3 reported moderate pain (3-5 of 10). Anxiety levels during anesthesia and surgery were 3 of 10 or less for 147 (95.5%) patients.

    CONCLUSIONS: Real-time patient feedback improved surgeons' ability to administer tumescent local anesthesia with minimal pain. As a result, most patients experienced no pain or only 1 minor event during local anesthesia injection for wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery.

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