Affiliations 

  • 1 From the Department of Hand Surgery, Exception MD, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ultrasound Guided Hand Surgery Center, Versailles, France
  • 4 Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  • 5 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
  • 6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2025 Mar;13(3):e6568.
PMID: 40125471 DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000006568

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Minimally painful tumescent local anesthesia ensures patients feel only the first needle insertion, with no further pain. This technique includes real-time patient feedback, where they report each pain event during injection.

METHODS: This prospective study involved 154 consecutive patients undergoing wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery at 3 hand surgery centers (January-April 2024). Patients objectively scored pain events during injection and rated pain intensity (0-10 Likert scale), intraoperative pain, anxiety, and overall experience.

RESULTS: During local anesthesia injection, 61 (40%) patients reported no pain, 92 (59.7%) reported 1 pain event, and 1 (0.7%) patient reported 2 events. Among the 93 patients who felt pain, 90 reported only mild discomfort (1-2 of 10), whereas 3 reported moderate pain (3-5 of 10). Anxiety levels during anesthesia and surgery were 3 of 10 or less for 147 (95.5%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Real-time patient feedback improved surgeons' ability to administer tumescent local anesthesia with minimal pain. As a result, most patients experienced no pain or only 1 minor event during local anesthesia injection for wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet surgery.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.