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  1. Reddy SC, Darnal HK
    Nepal J Ophthalmol, 2014 Jan;6(11):113-8.
    PMID: 25341837 DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10783
    INTRODUCTION: Melanoma is a rare malignant tumour in the eye.

    OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of malignant melanoma in the eye, one in the conjunctiva and the other in the choroid.

    CASES: The first case was in a 49-year-old lady who presented with a swelling on the inner side of left upper eyelid. The vision was 6/6. On everting the eyelid, multiple, pigmented, nodular swellings were noted on the tarsal conjunctiva. Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. A pigmented nodular swelling occurred on the lower bulbar conjunctiva in the same eye one-and-a-half years after the first presentation. There were no secondary nodules in the body. Excision biopsy confirmed malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. The second case was in a 72-year-old lady who presented with pain and bleeding in the right eye. There was no perception of light. The cornea was hazy and the details behind it could not be seen. There was micro perforation of the cornea with oozing of blood and secondary glaucoma. B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye revealed an intraocular tumour. The histopathology of the enucleated eyeball confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid.

    CONCLUSION: In the case of conjunctival melanoma, the occurrence of tumour at multiple sites and absence of recurrence at the original site suggests the possibility of de novo origin of the tumour. Secondary glaucoma and bleeding may be the presenting features of melanoma in the choroid.

  2. Darnal HK, Karim N, Kamini K, Angela K
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):590-8.
    PMID: 16515110
    Surgical biopsies of lymphnodes of 315 patients (273 adult and 42 children) were reviewed microscopically and analysed. The sex ratio was similar in adults but in children males were twice than female (2:1). Ethnically Malay patients predominated in both the groups. The commonest cause of biopsied lymphadenopathy in adults were malignancy (47%) followed by chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis (20%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (9%) while in children chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis was the commonest (46%) followed by granulomatous lymphadentitis (21%) and malignancy (14%). Twenty percent of adults and 4% of children had normal lymphnodes. Secondary deposits in adult males and females were of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma type respectively. In our study 100% of clildren and 96% of adults with granulomatous lymphadenitis had tubercular lesions.
  3. Darnal HK, Ibrahim H, Mutum SS
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Jun;22(1):31-5.
    PMID: 16329535
    An eight-week-old infant presented with dyspnoea two months after an uneventful normal vaginal delivery. Radiologically, a sharply outlined radiolucent area surrounded by atelectasis was seen in the upper lobe of the left lung. A left upper lobectomy was performed with the clinical impression of congenital pulmonary emphysema. The resected specimen displayed multiple cysts 2 to 6 mm in diameter. Microscopically, intracystic papillary mesenchymal ingrowths lined by respiratory epithelium were present. Based on both the gross and microscopical features, a diagnosis of Fisher's variant of type II congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM) was made. The postoperative follow-up showed excellent recovery and normal development of the child.
  4. Reddy SC, Sharma HS, Mazidah AS, Darnal HK, Mahayidin M
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1999 Jun 15;49(1):81-6.
    PMID: 10428409
    Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are not uncommon in children. However, they are very rare in infants. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 10 days old boy is reported. Causative microorganisms isolated from the operated specimen were Staphylococcus aureus and aspergillosis. Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy, external ethmoidectomy, and surgical drainage of the abscess. The aetiopathogenesis and management of this clinical entity is discussed, with a brief review of the literature.
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