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  1. Fulltext Iontophoresis-Infused Deep Topical Anesthesia and Injectable Local Anesthesia for Dental Procedures Among Pediatric Patients: Performances and Consequences
    Mistry H, Fernandes S, Haq MA, Bafna Y, Bhatt R, Sinha S, et al.
    Cureus, 2023 Aug;15(8):e43748.
    PMID: 37600432 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43748
    INTRODUCTION: Exploring routes of needle-free anesthesia has drawn particular attention to the iontophoretic technique. Iontophoresis has a wide range of applications in dentistry, treating hypersensitivity, oral ulcers, non-invasive procedures of deep topical anesthesia, etc. Hence, this research was performed for a comparative assessment of topical anesthesia spray infused via iontophoresis and local anesthesia (LA) infiltration for dental procedures among 5-12-year-old patients.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was undertaken over two years among study subjects aged 5 to 12 years. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first (Group A - iontophoresis group) received topical anesthesia spray (Lidayn®; Pyrax Polymers, Roorkee, India) applied by iontophoresis, and the second (Group B - LA infiltration group) received local infiltration of 2% lignocaine solution (LignoTer®; Lusture Pharma, Ahmedabad, India), where primary teeth extraction or pulpectomy was performed. The Wong-Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) was used for a subjective assessment immediately following anesthesia.

    RESULTS: The mean value of current intensity for the extraction procedure was 9.43±0.95 mA, and the duration of application was 1.85±0.80 minutes. The mean value of current intensity for pulpectomy was 9.07±1.34 mA, and the time was 2.40±0.74 minutes. In inter-group comparison, WBFPRS scores were lower in Group A (1.96±1.64) compared to Group B (3.62±1.11), which was statistically significant with p=0.001.

    CONCLUSION: Compared to local infiltration, iontophoresis as a non-invasive approach for topical anesthesia was more well-received by pediatric patients.

  2. Fulltext Use of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Accompanied by Bone Graft in Socket Endurance: A Radiographic and Histological Study
    Nagrani T, Kumar S, Haq MA, Dhanasekaran S, Gajjar S, Patel C, et al.
    Cureus, 2023 Oct;15(10):e46909.
    PMID: 37841989 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46909
    Background Ridge preservation became a crucial dental health issue and strategy to keep away from ridge defacement after post-tooth loss. The recent scientific evolution of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) comprises a parenteral formulation of PRF. The combined allograft for socket preservation gives benefits. In this study, bone allografts, demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) and freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA) are used in a 30:70 ratio alone or in combination with injectable PRF (I-PRF) for socket preservation. Methods This study is a radiographic and histological examination conducted on 60 participants aged between 19-65 years. Participating patients agreed voluntarily that they would not bear any fixed prosthesis for the next nine months and plan for implanted teeth placement, including multi-rooted mandibular molars denticles. Both groups received atraumatic extraction; then, the socket was preserved with bone allograft alone in the control group and bone allograft mixed with I-PRF, forming sticky bone, in the experimental group. Clinical, radiological, and histological assessments were taken at the inception stage, three months, six months, and nine months. A multivariate regression model and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model were used to analyse the effects of these changes on outcomes. Results In all the parameters, the test group indicated a good amount of bone growth with increasing intervals of time for bone height radiographically with statistically significant difference present (p<0.05) and histologically after nine months when socket site grafted with bone graft in combination with I-PRF. Conclusion This study's results demonstrated that I-PRF possesses the potential to regenerate and heal in the tooth-extracted socket. This study further recommends the implementation of I-PRF in safeguarding and conserving the raised rim of the tooth. Future research should take place on the osteogenic capability of I-PRF in more comprehensive ridge accession surgical procedures and additional expanding and improving capacities in periodontal reconstruction.
  3. Fulltext Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review
    Gandhi UH, Benjamin A, Gajjar S, Hirani T, Desai K, Suhagia BB, et al.
    Cureus, 2024 Jun;16(6):e62270.
    PMID: 39006719 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62270
    The scientific literature dealing with alcohol and alcoholic beverages revealed that these drinks possess an adverse impact on periodontal tissues. Additionally, other principal risk factors include tobacco, smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc. It has been observed that among chronic alcoholics, there are further issues, such as mental, social, and physical effects, that promote alcoholism. These people may have weak immunity for defense against pathogenic organisms and bacteria. Thus, chances of gingival bleeding, swollen gums, bad breath, and increased bone loss are there. Different alcoholic beverages in the market cause less salivation; these beverages contain sugars that promote acid production in the oral cavity by pathogens that demineralize the enamel and damage gum and teeth. This chronic alcohol consumption can progress into different types of oral disorders, including cancer, halitosis, and caries, and is also associated with tobacco and smoking. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause alteration of the oral microbiome and increase oral pathogens, which lead to periodontal disease and an environment of inflammation created in the body due to malnutrition, diminished immunity, altered liver condition, brain damage, and gut microbiota alteration. Heavily colored alcoholic beverages produce staining on teeth and, due to less saliva, may cause other toxic effects on the periodontium. Over-dependency on alcohol leads to necrotizing lesions such as necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These pathological impairments instigate severe damage to oral structures. Therefore, proper counseling by the attending dental surgeon and related health professionals is urgently required for the patient on the basis that the individual case needs to go away from the regular heavy consumption of alcohol.
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