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Social aspects of leprosy in Malaysia

Gill AK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1983 Mar;14(1):25-8.
PMID: 6612420

This paper attempts to explain both the persistence of traditional misconceptions about leprosy as well as the relative ineffectiveness of the Leprosy Control Programme. It has been pointed out that leprosy is a disease with tremendous social significance. To improve the Programme therefore, the human element which is of paramount importance must be identified and rectified. It is felt however, that we the providers should set our own house in order first. We need to find out the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the medical personnel and auxiliaries relating to leprosy, and identify the factors that contribute to their lack of motivation and undesirable attitudes which in turn deter patients from seeking and continuing treatment. Interventions based on the findings of such studies will contribute considerably towards the successful implementation of the Programme.
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations

Swami V, Tran US, Barron D, Afhami R, Aimé A, Almenara CA, et al.

Body Image, 2020 Mar;32:199-217.
PMID: 32032822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.
Fulltext International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis - 2023

Wise SK, Damask C, Roland LT, Ebert C, Levy JM, Lin S, et al.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2023 Apr;13(4):293-859.
PMID: 36878860 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23090

BACKGROUND: In the 5 years that have passed since the publication of the 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2018), the literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update presents 144 individual topics on allergic rhinitis (AR), expanded by over 40 topics from the 2018 document. Originally presented topics from 2018 have also been reviewed and updated. The executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings and recommendation from the full document.
METHODS: ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 employed established evidence-based review with recommendation (EBRR) methodology to individually evaluate each topic. Stepwise iterative peer review and consensus was performed for each topic. The final document was then collated and includes the results of this work.
RESULTS: ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 includes 10 major content areas and 144 individual topics related to AR. For a substantial proportion of topics included, an aggregate grade of evidence is presented, which is determined by collating the levels of evidence for each available study identified in the literature. For topics in which a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention is considered, a recommendation summary is presented, which considers the aggregate grade of evidence, benefit, harm, and cost.
CONCLUSION: The ICAR-Allergic Rhinitis 2023 update provides a comprehensive evaluation of AR and the currently available evidence. It is this evidence that contributes to our current knowledge base and recommendations for patient evaluation and treatment.

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