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  1. Nabila Huda Abdul Halim, Nur Syarafina Mohd Zahir, Hanani Ahmad Yusof, Nor Munirah Mohd Amin
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The distribution of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis
    among Malaysian healthy adults and their capability to produce enzyme hyaluronidase are less
    reported. Hyaluronidase degrade hyaluronic acid in animal connective tissue and facilitate
    bacterial spreading in host body. This study aims to identify the distribution of both
    Staphylococci species in healthy subject, the hyaluronidase producer among the isolates and
    the association of the latter with site of isolation (palm skin and anterior nares) and gender of
    the host. Methods: A total of 108 swab samples were collected from anterior nares and palm
    of 54 healthy subjects. The bacteria were identified through microscopic and biochemical tests,
    before screened for hyaluronidase production using hyaluronic acid diffusion rapid plate
    method. Results: Total of 139 bacterial isolates were identified; 68 isolates are S. aureus, 63
    S. epidermidis and 8 other bacterial species. Staphylococcus aureus was highly isolated from
    palm (57%) than anterior nares (47%). On the contrary for S. epidermidis was highly isolated
    from anterior nares (53%) than from palm skin (43%). Equal proportion was found for both
    species in male and female subject. A total of 77 (59%) isolates produced hyaluronidase; 55%
    are S. aureus and 45% are S. epidermidis. Hyaluronidase-producer isolates are equally found
    between anterior nares (56%) and palm skin (61%) or male (57%) and female subject (60%)
    regardless of Staphylococcal species. No significant value was recorded for any analysis.
    Conclusion: Capability of commensal S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolated from healthy
    subject to produce hyaluronidase may indicate their potential as opportunistic pathogen
    whenever the opportunity arises in any way.
  2. Aisyah Mohamed Rehan, Mohammad Izwan Enche Othman, Nor Munirah Mohd Amin, Intan Azura Shahdan, Hanani Ahmad Yusof@Hanafi
    MyJurnal
    Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a gram-positive diplococci belonging to the genus Streptococcus and it is a well-studied pathogenic bacterium. Pneumococcal diseases such as otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis caused by pathogenic strains of S. pneumoniae still brought significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenicity of S. pneumoniae is exerted by various virulence factors and one of it is the enzyme hyaluronate lyase. Hyaluronate lyase plays a major role in
    the invasive capability of S. pneumoniae. Its mechanism of action and crystallographic
    structure have been determinedbut its regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood.
    Drawing connections between the nutritional behaviour and invasive property of S.
    pneumoniae, CodY regulator is hypothesized as a potential hyaluronate lyase regulator.
    This work was aimed to construct CodY deficient mutant of S. pneumoniae to form
    foundational work for the study of CodY regulatory effect on hyaluronate lyase.
  3. Intan Azura Shahdan, Fatimah Zahrah Mohd Sobr, Mohammad Faiz Hizzuan Hanap, Hanani Ahmad Yusof, How, Fiona N.F.
    MyJurnal
    Dental plaque is a structurally and functionally organized biofilm. Modern molecular
    biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm,
    twice as many as can be cultured. Inherent resistance of biofilm bacteria to conventional
    antibiotics is alarming. It induces antibiotic resistance to an order of three or more in magnitude
    greater than those displayed by planktonic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant
    bacterial species isolated from the saliva and dental plaques. One of the reasons for its
    pathogenicity is its ability to form biofilms. In this study, the resistance of S. aureus biofilms
    against a eries of metal-antibiotics, an alternative to the conventional antibiotics, was
    investigated. (Copied from article).
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