Sabah contributes 4.2 million hectares to the total Heart of Borneo (HoB) areas. Some of the forest reserves in the HoB are newly gazetted as Totally Protected Forest. Hence, their mammal diversity has to be comprehensively documented. This study aims to record the presence of terrestrial mammal species, and assess the prevalence of poaching in selected forest reserves within the Sabah HoB area. A total of 15 forest reserves were surveyed within a 5-year timeframe which recorded 60 terrestrial mammal species, including 21 Bornean endemics. The variation in total enumerated mammal species in the study sites may be derived from unequal sampling efforts, geographical factors and anthropogenic influences. The intensity of poaching within the study sites is high. Though this study is a rapid assessment, it created baseline information for mammal diversity in some of the least studied forest reserves in Sabah, important for conservation of its terrestrial mammals.
Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species' ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both-particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade-offs between maintaining landscape connectivity and achieving other conservation objectives is lacking. We developed an optimization approach to prioritize the maximal protection of species' ranges, ecosystem types, and forest carbon stocks, while also including habitat connectivity for range-shifting species and dispersal corridors to link protected area. We applied our approach to Sabah, Malaysia, where the state government mandated an increase in protected-area coverage of approximately 305,000 ha but did not specify where new protected areas should be. Compared with a conservation planning approach that did not incorporate the 2 connectivity features, our approach increased the protection of dispersal corridors and elevational connectivity by 13% and 21%, respectively. Coverage of vertebrate and plant species' ranges and forest types were the same whether connectivity was included or excluded. Our approach protected 2% less forest carbon and 3% less butterfly range than when connectivity features were not included. Hence, the inclusion of connectivity into conservation planning can generate large increases in the protection of landscape connectivity with minimal loss of representation of other conservation targets.