This study aims to examine the impact of energy consumption, i.e., coal and gas, on environmental sustainability by utilizing CO2 emissions as a proxy to emphasize Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices in the electricity supply company of Malaysia. To do so, we collect time series data from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Sustainability Reports spanning 2016-2021. Since the data is short time series data, this study deploys the Prais-Winsten (AR1) regression technique, which is able to produce robust estimates from the short data. Besides, this method is also able to overcome the issues of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation issues in the dataset. Additionally, we also employ the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method to check the robustness of our estimation. The findings of the study reveal that energy consumption, i.e., coal and gas, strongly affects the environmental sustainability channel through CO2 emissions. The result indicates that the electricity supply company of Malaysia still aggravates the environmental degradation using coal and gas in energy production, while the study also shows from the long-run trends that the sector has considerably decreased the CO2 emissions in recent years by 0.60%. Since the emission is still significant, this study emphasizes the need for a cautious approach to energy sources in order to reduce environmental effects. The study suggests that policymakers should review the existing energy use and CO2 emissions policy to strengthen environmental sustainability and ESG standards in Malaysia's electricity generation industry, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and hasten the adoption of renewable energy sources.
This study aims to investigate the customers' perceptions of Islamic banking services and their impact on satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) with others. This study designs the bootstrapping procedures using a partial least square method to test path coefficient results. Structured questionnaires were distributed among clients of Islamic banks in Dhaka city, where 377 responses were collected for data analysis. The findings revealed that there is a highly significant relationship between security and customers' perception. Ethical responsibility and religious value have a positive and significant impact on customers' perception whereas benefit has a negative significant impact on customers' perception. Findings from this study also indicated that customers' perceptions mediate the effect of ethical responsibility, religious value, benefit, and security on satisfaction. In addition, customers' satisfaction mediates the effect of customers' perception and WOM. These findings can promote managers of Islamic banks to build customer satisfaction and WOM with Islamic banking services, and attain competitive advantage that may lead Islamic banks to succeed in the competitive business. This study also provides new insights into customers' WOM with others about Islamic banking services. This knowledge could assist Islamic banks to understand the customers' perceptions that would increase satisfaction and in turn, contribute to WOM with others in determining where would be best to target marketing attention of Islamic banking services with limited resources.