The aim of this study are to identify the movement patterns of top international male and female badminton players in term of their court coverage. Twenty games (n=20), ten each from the males and females single of the World Championships 2013, were chosen for this study. The subjects were all elite athletes from the various countries’ national squads. All games were analysed using Sports code Pro, which was recorded by Astro Beyond. Then, the researcher is required to identify the specific movement patterns especially on court. Finally, the movement patterns and direction movement of athletes on court were identified and analysed. From the results of this study, we can see that the opponents will try to send the shuttlecock to the sites far from the players to earn advantages. It is a need for the badminton players to have a proper physical conditioning training in order to increase their performance and at the same time reduce the risks of injury.
Composting can potentially remove organic pollutants in sewage sludge. When estimating pollutant removal efficiency, knowledge of estimate uncertainty is important for understanding estimate reliability. In this study the uncertainty (coefficient of variation, CV) in pollutant degradation rate (K1) and relative concentration at 35days of composting (C35/C0) was evaluated. This was done based on recently presented pollutant concentration data, measured under full-scale composting conditions using two different sampling methods for a range of organic pollutants commonly found in sewage sludge. Non-parametric statistical procedures were used to estimate CV values for K1 and C35/C0 for individual pollutants. These were then used to compare the two sampling methods with respect to CV and to determine confidence intervals for average CV. Results showed that sampling method is crucial for reducing uncertainty. The results further indicated that it is possible to achieve CV values for both K1 and C35/C0 of about 15%.
In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly apparent among surgical patients. Therefore, prevention of CDI and optimization of management in the surgical patient are paramount. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of this infection.