The racial riot incident on 13th of May 1969 had opened the eyes of many people to realize on how important serious efforts to be focused in managing the sensitivity and the differences in multiracial society in countries like Malaysia. Many experts believe that integration can be build through outdoor education activities. The author will try to unravel and discuss on the outdoor education activity relations and integration campus community. This discussion will cover the latest issues and a variety of previous studies and personal experiences of the author as an outdoor education activist.
This study is fundamental in looking to validate the agreement of Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. The instrument are newly developed by the researcher . The Inventory Responses –oMR (IR-oMR) are purposely to evaluate and determine the goodness of self-assesement instrument of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR) among co-curriculum center coaches in Malaysia. By using the correlation & percentage, the analysis were used. N=10 of head coaches of co-curriculum Center were selected to be a sampels. These data is a secondary data that researcher used in the main research. But as a secondary data, its really important to researcher to identify and justify the newly instrument of self assesment of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR). Findings shown contents validity r=.82 were recorded and the language validity were shown r=.83. Meanwhile, anothers supporting data were used percentage of agreement of Inventory Responses –Omr (IR-oMR) toward the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. Overall, from these findings, researcher found that’s the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) shown that the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia are valid instrument to measure the competency level of outdoor education coaches in co-curriculum center in Malaysia and the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) are significantly toward the outdoor competency (OCL-oMR).
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the leadership style and athlete motivation among males and females adolescent athletes at SMK Dato 'Lela Pahlawan, Padang Serai Kedah. There were a total of 64 respondents comprising 32 male athletes and 32 female athletes who participated in various sports and were experienced with coach leadership styles. The data collection instruments used in this study were Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS), which measured five leadership behaviours perceived by athletes and Sports Motivation Scales (SMS), which determined the three basic factors of motivation including the intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation of the athletes. The findings from Pearson product moment correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between leadership behaviours and intrinsic motivation for male athletes in the training and instruction dimension (r = 0.64, p = 0.000, p < 0.05), and democracy dimension (r = 0.38, p = 0.032, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, for female athletes, analysis also shows that there was a low and significant positive relationship between the leadership behaviours and the intrinsic motivation on training and instruction (r = 0.62, p = 0.000, p < 0.05), democratic (r = 0.59, p = 0.000, p < 0.05), positive feedback (r = 0.50, p = 0.004, p < 0.05), and social support (r = 0.49, p = 0.005, p < 0.05). Pearson product moment correlation analysis found a low and significant positive relationship between leadership behaviours and extrinsic motivation for male athletes for the training and instruction dimension (r = 0.52, p = 0.002, p < 0.05), and democracy dimension (r = 0.51, p = 0.003, p