MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peritoneal fluid samples (n=121) obtained from CAPD patients suspected of peritonitis at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were analysed macroscopically and microscopically prior to culture. All samples were cultured on seven different culture media, including sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, brain heart infusion agar and Tween 80 incorporated blood agar. All plates were incubated at an optimum temperature up to 48 hours.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among all the culture media investigated, 0.1% to 2.0% Tween 80 incorporated blood agar yielded the highest positive culture (23/121) in comparison with all other standard media, thus lowering the negative culture rate among CAPD patients. Statistical analysis by Chi Square revealed significant differences (p <0.001) between the three concentrations of Tween 80 tested in this study. Among the three different concentrations of Tween 80 optimised in this study, blood agar containing 0.1% Tween 80 generated the best results, achieved by optimum growth of all Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative organisms and yeast cells simultaneously. Using a small amount of detergent at low cost significantly increased the pathogen yield during CAPD-associated peritonitis.
METHODS: A systematic search of relevant cohort studies from three electronic databases to identify all relevant studies published up to 7 November 2022. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 54 articles with 355 787 matched pairs of parturient women and neonates from 30 countries were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of GBS colonisation was 17.1% among the pregnant women and 1.0% among neonates. The pooled prevalence of vertical transmission of GBS was 4.5% and the pooled relative risk of GBS colonisation of neonates born to mothers with GBS was 9.9.
CONCLUSION: We support the implementation of targeted intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for all women who are positive for GBS as well as women with risks factors for early onset GBS in their infants regardless of their GBS colonisation status.