MyMedR

Fulltext Leptospirosis in animals in West Malaysia

Joseph PG

Malays J Pathol, 1979 Aug;2:15-21.

Animal salmonellosis in peninsular Malaysia. II. Annual and zoological distribution of Salmonella serotypes over the 10-year period 1966-1975

Joseph PG, Anwar M, Jegathesan M

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1978 May;27(3):562-6.

PMID: 354419

A total of 860 Salmonella isolations were made in Peninsular Malaysia from 15 animal species (domestic and wild), eggs, molluscs, flies, and animal feed. The isolations were distributed among 31 serotypes in eight groups. The most common serotype isolated was Salmonella pullorum, followed by S. choleraesuis and S. infantis. S. typhimurium had the widest zoological distribution. The importance of controlling animal salmonellosis is emphasized.

A case of melioidosis in a macaque monkey

Retnasabapathy A, Joseph PG

Vet Rec, 1966 Jul 16;79(3):72-3.

PMID: 4959292

Serological response of cattle to simultaneous vaccinations against foot-and-mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia

Joseph PG, Hedger RS

Vet Rec, 1984 May 19;114(20):494-6.

PMID: 6330961

In Malaysia, where vaccination campaigns against foot-and-mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia are routinely carried out, it was desirable to determine whether it was safe and efficacious to administer both vaccines simultaneously. A trial group of 104 cattle was divided into three groups; group 1 animals received both vaccines simultaneously, group 2 animals received only foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and group 3 animals received only haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine. The serological response to vaccinations was monitored at 0, 21 and 35 days by the virus neutralisation test for foot-and-mouth disease and the mouse-protection and indirect haemagglutination tests for haemorrhagic septicaemia. The simultaneous administration of the two inactivated vaccines produced no adverse effects and the serological response did not differ from the response to either vaccine given separately, thus indicating that cattle may be safely and effectively vaccinated simultaneously in this way.

The occurrence of Salmonellae in house shrews and rats in Ipoh, Malaysia

Joseph PG, Yee HT, Sivanandan SP

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1984 Sep;15(3):326-30.

PMID: 6523172

House shrews (Suncus murinus) and rats (Rattus rattus diardii), trapped during a survey period from July 1978 to December 1979 and thereafter on a random basis, from residences within and outside the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Malaysia campus, were bacteriologically examined for the presence of salmonellae. Of the 55 shrews and 8 rats examined, 39 (71%) shrews and 2 (25%) rats were found positive. There were 46 Salmonella isolates which included 5 dual infections. These were serotyped as S. weltevreden, S. bareilly, S. stanley, S. augustenborg, S. hvittingfoss, S. emek, S. paratyphi B, S. ohio and S. matopeni in order of frequency of isolation. The significance of these findings especially with regard to salmonellosis in man and animals is discussed.

In-vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated in Malaysia to some new cephalosporins and a quinolone

Cheong YM, Joseph PG, Koay AS

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1987 Mar;18(1):94-6.

PMID: 3477872

The current drugs recommended for treatment of melioidosis are tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. Unfortunately these drugs are not the drug of choice in an acutely ill patient with septicaemia prior to the availability of laboratory results. With the discovery of the new cephalosporins which have a broad spectrum of activity clinicians are using them either alone or in combination with other antibiotics in such critical situations. Hence, an in-vitro study was carried out on the susceptibility of 41 strains of P. pseudomallei isolated in Malaysia, to these new cephalosporins and a new quinolone. The results showed that all the cephalosporins tested had some activity on the strains tested, with ceftazidime being the most active drug. Pefloxacin had very poor activity. However, further clinical studies are required to determine the duration, dosage and in-vivo activity of the antibiotics.

Animal Salmonella surveillance in Peninsular Malaysia, 1981-1985

Joseph PG, Sivanandan SP, Yee HT

Epidemiol Infect, 1988 Jun;100(3):351-9.

PMID: 3378581

During the 5-year (1981-5) surveillance period, 2322 salmonella isolations were recorded from animals and other non-human sources in Peninsular Malaysia. This was an increase of 356% over the preceding 5-year period. The 83 serotypes isolated were recovered from 41 sources. Of these 34 were new serotypes bringing the total number of serotypes isolated from non-human sources to date up 97. Food animals and edible animal products accounted for 92.2% of the total isolations, with cattle and beef accounting for 70% of the total. Salmonella dublin was the most frequently isolated serotype, whereas S. typhimurium had the widest zoological distribution. More than 80% of the non-human salmonella serotypes have also been reported in man in this country.

Molecular analysis of Dichelobacter nodosus isolated from footrot in sheep in Malaysia

Zakaria Z, Radu S, Sheikh-Omar AR, Mutalib AR, Joseph PG, Rusul G

Vet Microbiol, 1998 Jul;62(3):243-50.

PMID: 9791871

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis of genomic DNA was used to investigate genetic diversity among Dichelobacter nodosus from footrot in sheep in Malaysia. Twelve Dichelobacter nodosus strains isolated from lesion materials from infected sheep were confirmed as Dichelobacter nodosus by polymerase chain reaction technique using the species-specific Dichelobacter nodosus 16S RNA sequence Ac and C as primers. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis banding profiles using restriction enzymes ApaI (5'GGGCCC3'), SfiI (5'GGCCNNNNNGGCC3') and SmaI ('5CCCGGG3') enabled the 12 Dichelobacter nodosus strains to be differentiated into eight different PFGE patterns and thus genome-types, with F (coefficient of similarity) values ranging from 0.17 to 1.0 (ApaI), 0.14 to 1.0 (SfiI) and 0.22 to 1.0 (SmaI). Strains with origin in different farms were shown to have different PFGE patterns (two strains, M7 and M8 were the only exception). On the basis of their PFGE, all field strains used in the study differed from the reference strains. Our data revealed that there are several clonal types of Dichelobacter nodosus isolates and indicated that there is probably more than one source of this pathogen on the farms studied. The study showed that strains of D. nodosus exhibited considerable genetic diversity using this method and that genomic analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis was useful in discriminating the D. nodosus strains.

Global variations in the prevalence, treatment, and impact of atrial fibrillation in a multi-national cohort of 153 152 middle-aged individuals

Joseph PG, Healey JS, Raina P, Connolly SJ, Ibrahim Q, Gupta R, et al.

Cardiovasc Res, 2021 05 25;117(6):1523-1531.

PMID: 32777820 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa241

AIMS: To compare the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG)-documented atrial fibrillation (or flutter) (AF) across eight regions of the world, and to examine antithrombotic use and clinical outcomes.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Baseline ECGs were collected in 153 152 middle-aged participants (ages 35-70 years) to document AF in two community-based studies, spanning 20 countries. Medication use and clinical outcome data (mean follow-up of 7.4 years) were available in one cohort. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to document the prevalence of AF and medication use, and associations between AF and clinical events were examined prospectively. Mean age of participants was 52.1 years, and 57.7% were female. Age and sex-standardized prevalence of AF varied 12-fold between regions; with the highest in North America, Europe, China, and Southeast Asia (270-360 cases per 100 000 persons); and lowest in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia (30-60 cases per 100 000 persons) (P

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