Nanosize semiconductors have been used as active sensitizers for the application of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSC). "Green" sensitizers are introduced as an alternative for the toxic Cd and Pb based compounds. In this work, Bi₂S₃ quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated and used as sensitizers in QDSSC. QDs were grown on TiO₂ electrode via solution dipping process. Although the performance of "green" QDSSC is not as high as that of CdS or CdSe based QDSSCs, its performance can be enhanced with post heat treatment. The effect is dependent on the heat treatment temperature profile where gradual increase of sintering temperature is preferred. The effects of post heat treatment on Bi₂S₃ sensitized TiO₂ electrodes are investigated and discussed.
Different counter electrode (CE) materials based on carbon and Cu2S were prepared for the application in CdS and CdSe quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). The CEs were prepared using low-cost and facile methods. Platinum was used as the reference CE material to compare the performances of the other materials. While carbon-based materials produced the best solar cell performance in CdS QDSSCs, platinum and Cu2S were superior in CdSe QDSSCs. Different CE materials have different performance in the two types of QDSSCs employed due to the different type of sensitizers and composition of polysulfide electrolytes used. The poor performance of QDSSCs with some CE materials is largely due to the lower photocurrent density and open-circuit voltage. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy performed on the cells showed that the poor-performing QDSSCs had higher charge-transfer resistances and CPE values at their CE/electrolyte interfaces.
For enhanced applications of solar cells, organic luminescence materials like long persistent luminescence (LPL) present one of the promising avenues for light enhancement. Currently, most existing luminescent materials are based on an inorganic system that requires rare elements such as europium and dysprosium, with a very high processing temperature. Adopting organic luminescence materials that are free from rare elements is necessary, considering the low-temperature fabrication and low material cost. In this work, we investigate the optical properties of an organic luminescence blend consisting of 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo [b,d]thiophene (PPT) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) through computational studies and experimental validations. Optical characteristics of the luminescence materials like optical absorption, photoluminescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy are characterized. To validate the functionality of the organic luminescence blend, the material is incorporated into the perovskite solar cell structure. Unfortunately, the blend is unable to emit sufficient illumination over extended periods due to its low intersystem crossing efficiency and weak spin-orbit coupling. Although the power conversion efficiency of the Luminescence/FTO/TiO2/Perovskite/Carbon structure is observed to be small under dark conditions, the application of organic luminescence materials can be further enhanced and explored.
Supercapacitors (SCs), including electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors, are esteemed for their high power density and attractive features such as robust safety, fast charging, low maintenance, and prolonged cycling lifespan, sparking significant interest. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent nanomaterials with small size, broad excitation spectrum, stable fluorescence, and adjustable emission wavelengths. They are widely used in optoelectronics, medical diagnostics, and energy storage due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, rich surface functional groups, abundant electron-hole pairs, large specific surface area, and tunable heteroatom doping. In this short review, we briefly discussed the advantages and disadvantages of bottom-up and top-down of CQD synthesis methods. The arc-discharge technique, laser ablation technique, plasma treatment, ultrasound synthesis technique, electrochemical technique, chemical exfoliation, and combustion are among the initial top-down approaches. The subsequent section delineates waste-derived and bottom-up methods, encompassing microwave synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, thermal pyrolysis, and the metal-organic framework template-assisted technique. In addition, this short review focuses on the operational mechanism of supercapacitors, their properties, and the utilization of CQDs in supercapacitors.
In this work, SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method after sodium silicate was extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) under various experimental conditions such as types of acids, NaOH concentration, dissolved time, and temperature and used for removal of Fe2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The extracted SiO2 was morphologically and chemically characterized and showed a surface area of 78 m2/g and uniform pores of 2.71 nm, offering high adsorption capacity for Fe2+ ions. The influence of pH, contact time, and amount of adsorbent was studied in order to establish the best conditions for the Fe2+ adsorption and removal. Furthermore, the adsorption data were fitted with an exponential shape curve for all the three variable parameters that affect the adsorption process. The best results were obtained for pH 5, 20 min contact time, and 0.5 g adsorbent dose. The loading adsorption capacity was 9 mg of Fe2+ ions/g SiO2 in the concentration range 0.1-1.0 mgL-1. In addition, the synthesized SiO2 with the size of around 50 nm can be used for specific heavy metal removal and drug delivery, after modification of the SiO2 surface with various functional groups.