In this work, oven-dried, freeze-dried and spray-dried agaro-oligosaccharide powders were characterized to investigate their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Agaro-oligosaccharide powders were shown to exhibit high water solubility index (88.73 – 95.88%), water absorption capacity (0.96 – 2.57 g/g) and oil absorption capacity (0.40 – 0.45 g/g). Agaro-oligosaccharide powders were shown to possess moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (10.65 – 14.59%), ABTS radical scavenging activity (44 .47 – 65.61%) and ferric reducing antioxidant activity (0.165 – 0.353). Agaro-oligosaccharide powders were further characterized with respect to thermal and pH stability. Agaro-oligosaccharide powders were shown to exhibit high temperature resistance (≤ 100oC) and acid/alkaline resistance.
Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of dragon fruit peel pectin was conducted using respond surface methodology. Effect of extraction conditions, i.e. pH value (X1), extraction time (X2) and solid-liquid ratio (X3) on the extraction yield was investigated using a central composite experimental design. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction was performed and three-dimensional (3D) response surface plots were derived from the mathematical models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted and indicated a significant interaction between extraction conditions (pH value and extraction time) and extraction yield. The optimum conditions of microwave assisted extraction were as follows: X1 = 2.07; X2 = 65 s and X3 = 66.57. The verification test on pectin extraction was performed and revealed a perfect agreement between experimental and predicted values. The maximum predicted yield of pectin extraction was 18.53%. Overall, application of microwave assisted extraction can give rise to high quality dragon fruit peel pectin.