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Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of metals in sediments along the industrialized coast of East Java, Indonesia

Marchellina A, Soegianto A, Putranto TWC, Payus CM, Irnidayanti Y

Environ Geochem Health, 2024 May 02;46(6):205.
PMID: 38695945 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01994-5

The eastern coastline of Gresik, located in East Java, Indonesia, experienced significant industrialization, leading to the development of numerous diverse sectors. These diverse industrial activities, in addition to other human activities, result in the contamination of sediment across the eastern coast of Gresik with a variety of metals. Metals like arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) have exceeded the international standards for sediment quality, potentially causing significant harm to the aquatic ecosystem in this coastal region. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate that the metals found in the sediment are related to a combination of anthropogenic inputs, specifically those originating from industrial effluents in the area under study. Based on the assessment of enrichment factor, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, degree of contamination, ecological risk index, and pollution load index, it can be concluded that the metals examined displayed different degrees of sediment contamination, ranging from minimal to severely contaminated.
Fulltext Sublethal Effects of Cadmium on the Osmoregulatory and Acid-Base Parameters of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Various Times

Soegianto A, Yulianto B, Payus CM, Affandi M, Mukholladun W, Indriyasari KN, et al.

J Toxicol, 2023;2023:2857650.
PMID: 36891516 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2857650

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) can contaminate aquatic environments as a result of anthropogenic activity. Cd accumulates quickly in the tissues of fish and has the potential to affect their physiology, including osmoregulation and acid-base balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the sublethal effects of Cd on the osmoregulation and acid-base balance of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at different times.
METHODS: Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (1 and 2 mg/L) for 4 and 15 days. At the end of the experiment, fish were collected from each treatment to examine the levels of Cd and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gills, plasma osmolality, ions, blood pH, pCO2, pO2, and hematological parameters.
RESULTS: Cd concentrations in gills rose with increasing Cd concentrations in the medium and exposure time. Cd inhibited respiration by generating metabolic acidosis, decreasing gill CA, reducing pO2, plasma osmolality, Cl-, and K+, particularly at 2 mg/L for 4 days and 1 and 2 mg/L for 15 days. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) levels decreased as Cd levels in water and exposure duration increased.
CONCLUSION: Cd inhibits respiration, lowers RCB, Hb, and Ht levels and decreases ionic and osmotic regulation. All of these impairments can limit a fish's ability to provide appropriate oxygen to its cells, hence diminishing its physical activity and productivity.
The spatial distribution and physico-chemical characteristic of microplastics in the sediment and cockle (Anadara granosa) from the coastal waters of East Java, Indonesia, and the health hazards associated with cockle consumption

Rahmatin NM, Soegianto A, Irawan B, Payus CM, Indriyasari KN, Marchellina A, et al.

Mar Pollut Bull, 2024 Jan;198:115906.
PMID: 38070399 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115906

This study evaluated microplastic (MP) abundances and physico-chemical characteristics in sediments and Anadara granosa along the East Java coast and their health implications. Fibers (74 %) dominated sediment MPs at south coast, while fragments (49-61 %) dominated north coast. Fiber (43-52 %) is the predominant MP in cockle tissues in all locations. Most MP in sediments (31-47 %) and cockle tissues (41-49 %) is black. The majority of microplastics (100-1500 μm) are found in sediment (73-90 %), and cockles (77-79 %). Very weak correlations found between the amount of MP and the length of the cockle shell. However, Spearman correlation shows that as the amount of MP in sediment increases, so does the amount of MP in cockle tissue. Each year, individuals of varying ages consume an average of 20,800 to 156,000 MP items. Cockles contain plasticizer components and microplastic polymers which are classified from II to V regarding of hazard levels, with V being the most hazardous.
An assessment of the potential health hazards associated with metal contamination in a variety of consumable species living along the industrialized coastline of East Java, Indonesia

Marchellina A, Soegianto A, Putranto TWC, Mukholladun W, Payus CM, Irnidayanti Y

Mar Pollut Bull, 2024 May;202:116375.
PMID: 38621352 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116375

The massive industrial growth in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia has the potential to result in metal contamination in the nearby coastal waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the metal concentrations in edible species from the Gresik coastal waters and evaluate the potential health risks linked to this metal contamination. Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, Hg, and Cr) in fish and shrimp samples mostly met the maximum limits established by national and international regulatory organizations. The concentrations of As in Scatophagus argus exceed both the permissible limit established by Indonesia and the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The As concentration in Arius bilineatus is equal to the PTWI. The target cancer risk (TCR) values for both As and Cr in all analyzed species exceed the threshold of 0.0001, suggesting that these two metals possess the potential to provide a cancer risk to humans.
The presence and physico-chemical properties of microplastics in seawater, sediment, and several organs of the spotted scat fish (Scatophagus argus, Linnaeus, 1766) collected from different locations along the East Java coast in Indonesia

Marchellina A, Soegianto A, Irawan B, Indriyasari KN, Rahmatin NM, Mukholladun W, et al.

Chemosphere, 2024 May 01;358:142214.
PMID: 38701863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142214

A comprehensive study was undertaken to examine the contamination of spotted scat fish (Scatophagus argus) with microplastics (MP) in various locations along the East Java coast of Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to collect detailed information regarding the abundance, color, shape, size, type of polymer, and chemical components of the MP. The findings of this study indicated that MP exhibiting distinct attributes-including a specific fiber type, black coloration, and a size range of 1000- <5000 μm-was most abundant in the gill, stomach, and intestines of spotted scat fish of varying lengths. And MP with a size range of 100-<500 μm was prevalent in the sediment. MP with black fragments measuring less than 100 μm in diameter were found primarily in seawater. A positive correlation was identified between fish length and MP abundance in the intestines, as indicated by the Spearman correlation coefficient. Conversely, a negative correlation was detected between fish length and MP abundance in the gills. The findings of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, which indicate the presence of various polymers and chemical substances including plasticizers (e.g., diethyl phthalate, decane, and eicosane), stabilizers (2-piperidinone, hexadecanoic acid, mesitylene, and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol), and flame retardant (cyclododecene), in fish, are of the utmost importance. These substances have the potential to endanger the health of both animals and humans if they are ingested through the food chain.