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Normal Values of Anal Sphincter Biometry by 4-Dimensional Translabial Ultrasound: A Retrospective Study of Pregnant Women in Their Third Trimester

Magpoc Mendoza J, Turel Fatakia F, Kamisan Atan I, Dietz HP

J Ultrasound Med, 2019 Oct;38(10):2733-2738.
PMID: 30838666 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14981

OBJECTIVES: Exoanal 4-dimensional translabial ultrasound (TLUS) is increasingly used to image the anal sphincter. The aim of this study was to define the limits of normality for assessment of external and internal anal sphincters with TLUS.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis using data sets of nulliparous women seen antenatally. All women had a 4-dimensional TLUS examination at a mean gestational age ± SD of 36 ± 0.7 (range, 32.9-37.3) weeks. Anal sphincter biometry, including external anal sphincter (EAS) length and thickness, EAS proximal rotational asymmetry, and internal anal sphincter thickness, was assessed blinded against other data.
RESULTS: A test-retest series showed good repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.619-0.849) of all parameters. The mean age of the women (n = 111) was 30.9 (range, 18.8-40.5) years. None reported anal incontinence. On tomographic imaging, none showed anal sphincter defects. The mean EAS length was 17.5 (range, 8.4-34.8) mm, being shorter dorsally at 16.4 (range, 7.0-32.7) mm versus 18.7 (range, 7.5-36.9) mm ventrally (P
Asian sildenafil efficacy and safety study (ASSESS-1): a double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study of oral sildenafil in Malaysian, Singaporean, and Filipino men with erectile dysfunction. The Assess-1 Study Group

Tan HM, Moh CL, Mendoza JB, Gana T, Albano GJ, de la Cruz R, et al.

Urology, 2000 Oct 1;56(4):635-40.
PMID: 11018621 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00688-9

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral sildenafil in Asian men with erectile dysfunction of various causes (organic, psychogenic, or mixed) and of more than 6 months' duration.

METHODS:
In this double-blind, parallel-group trial conducted at eight centers in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore, 254 men, 26 to 78 years old, were randomized to 12 weeks of sildenafil or placebo taken as needed 1 hour before anticipated sexual activity. Initially, the sildenafil (n = 127) or matching placebo (n = 127) dose was 50 mg but could be increased to 100 mg or decreased to 25 mg because of a lack of efficacy or intolerance, respectively. Efficacy was assessed by the 15-question International Index of Erectile Function, patients' event logs of sexual activity, and a global efficacy question about erections.

RESULTS:
The two primary efficacy variables relating to achievement and maintenance of an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse, as assessed by the mean scores for International Index of Erectile Function question 3 (4.22 versus 2.59) and question 4 (4.15 versus 2.41), were both significantly higher with sildenafil than with placebo (P <0.0001). In addition, the five separate International Index of Erectile Function domains of sexual function, the percentage of successful intercourse attempts, and the global efficacy assessment of erections revealed significantly greater treatment effects in favor of sildenafil (P <0.0001 versus placebo for all variables). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 22.8% of patients who received sildenafil and in 10.2% of those who received placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sildenafil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for Asian men with erectile dysfunction of broad-spectrum etiology.
Psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) in adults from Colombia

Mebarak M, Todd J, Coneo AMC, Muñoz-Alvis A, Polo-Vargas JD, De Los Reyes Aragón C, et al.

Body Image, 2023 Dec;47:101631.
PMID: 37776671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101631

The 7-item Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) measures the extent of an individual's appreciation of their body for what it can do and is capable of doing. Although the FAS has been widely used in diverse linguistic contexts, it has not been previously translated into Spanish. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Spanish translation of the FAS in Colombian adults. A total of 1420 university students from Colombia (804 women, 616 men) completed the FAS, as well as additional validated measures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in separate subsamples supported a unidimensional model of FAS scores. The FAS evidenced scalar invariance across gender identity, with men having significantly higher FAS scores than women (Cohen's d = 0.18). FAS scores were also found to have adequate composite reliability, as well as adequate convergent (significant associations with body appreciation, appearance evaluation, and eating disorder psychopathology) and concurrent validity (significant associations with self-esteem, life satisfaction, and gratitude). Functionality appreciation incrementally predicted life satisfaction in women, but not in men. Overall, these results suggest that the Spanish FAS is a psychometrically valid and reliable tool for the assessment of functionality appreciation in university-aged populations from Colombia.

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