Photocatalysis utilizing semiconductors offer a cost-effective and promising solution for the removal of pollutants. MXene and perovskites, which possess desirable properties such as a suitable bandgap, stability, and affordability, have emerged as a highly promising material for photocatalytic activity. However, the efficiency of MXene and perovskites is limited by their fast recombination rates and inadequate light harvesting abilities. Nonetheless, several additional modifications have been shown to enhance their performance, thereby warranting further exploration. This study delves into the fundamental principles of reactive species for MXene-perovskites. Various methods of modification of MXene-perovskite-based photocatalysts, including Schottky junction, Z-scheme and S-scheme are analyzed with regard to their operation, differences, identification techniques and reusability. The assemblance of heterojunctions is demonstrated to enhance photocatalytic activity while also suppressing charge carrier recombination. Furthermore, the separation of photocatalysts through magnetic-based methods is also investigated. Consequently, MXene-perovskite-based photocatalysts are seen as an exciting emerging technology that necessitates further research and development.
Biogas consisting of carbon dioxide/methane (CO2/CH4) gas mixtures has emerged as an alternative renewable fuel to natural gas. The presence of CO2 can decrease the calorific value and generate greenhouse gas. Hence, separating CO2 from CH4 is a vital step in enhancing the use of biogas. Zeolite and zeolite-based mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is considered an auspicious candidate for CO2/CH4 separation due to thermal and chemical stability. This review initially addresses the development of zeolite and zeolite-based MMM for the CO2/CH4 separation. The highest performance in terms of CO2 permeance and CO2/CH4 selectivity was achieved using zeolite and zeolite-based MMM, which exhibited CO2 permeance in the range of 2.0 × 10- 7-7.0 × 10- 6 mol m- 2 s- 1 Pa- 1 with CO2/CH4 selectivity ranging from 3 to 300. Current trends directed toward improving CO2/CH4 selectivity via modification methods including post-treatment, ion-exchanged, amino silane-grafted, and ionic liquid encapsulated of zeolite-based MMM. Those modification methods improved the defect-free and interfacial adhesions between zeolite particulates and polymer matrices and subsequently enhanced the CO2/CH4 selectivity. The modifications via ionic liquid and silane methods more influenced the CO2/CH4 selectivity with 90 and 660, respectively. This review also focuses on the possible applications of zeolite-based MMM, which include the purification and treatment of water as well as biomedical applications. Lastly, future advances and opportunities for gas separation applications are also briefly discussed. This review aims to share knowledge regarding zeolite-based MMM and inspire new industrial applications.