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  1. Zulkifli NAF, Mohd Saaid NAS, Alias A, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Woon CK, Kurniawan A, et al.
    J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2023 Dec;18(6):1435-1445.
    PMID: 38162871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.020
    OBJECTIVES: In this study, the sizes and forms of mandibles in various age groups of the Malay population were measured and compared.

    METHODS: Geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of mandibles from 400 dental panoramic tomography (DPT) specimens was conducted. The MorphoJ program was used to perform generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), Procrustes ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and canonical variate analysis (CVA). In the tpsDig2 program, the 27 landmarks were applied to the DPT radiographs. Variations in mandibular size and form were categorized into four age groups: group 1 (15-24 years), group 2 (25-34 years), group 3 (35-44 years), and group 4 (45-54 years).

    RESULTS: The diversity in mandibular shape among the first eight principal components was 81%. Procrustes ANOVA revealed significant shape differences (P 

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