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Association of the drug of abuse in road traffic collision death in Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Subramaniam K, Mohd Shah M, Fatin Farisha F, Poh SL, Nor Fadhilah M, Hilmi S

Med J Malaysia, 2018 10;73(5):272-275.
PMID: 30350803 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: The role of pathologist not only confined in performing post mortem but also can assist in prevention. The aim of this study to determine the prevalence and association of drug of abuse (DoA) in road traffic collision (RTC) at Hospital Kuala Lumpur.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study of post mortem cases at Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 2014 to 2016. Deaths from RTC were included while decomposed and homicide cases were excluded. We performed Spearman Correlation statistical test to relate RTC and positive DoA results.
RESULTS: A total of 523 RTC cases were identified in which either blood or urine or both samples were taken for toxicology. 93 cases were positive for both DoA and therapeutic drugs. A total of 37 cases were positive for DoA. Alcohol was present in 5 out of 37 DoA positive cases. Most of the cases seen among 16 to 45 years old (69%) and predominantly in males (93.1%). 29 out of 37 were motorcyclist and the rest were pillion rider and pedestrian. Spearman Correlation statistical test showed a negative relationship between RTC and positive DoA results.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Majority of the DoA cases in RTC were identified in the younger age group and among the motorcyclist. Spearman Correlation statistical test showed that more cases of DoA died in natural or suicidal manner compared to RTC. However, this doesn't reflect the true association of DoA in RTC. This is because of mainly two factors which the delayed effect of DoA that gives negative toxicology test and also the influence of other road users on DoA.
Effectiveness of bone cleaning process using chemical and entomology approaches: time and cost

Lai PS, Khoo LS, Mohd Hilmi S, Ahmad Hafizam H, Mohd Shah M, Nurliza A, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2015 Aug;37(2):123-35.
PMID: 26277669 MyJurnal

Skeletal examination is an important aspect of forensic pathology practice, requiring effective bone cleaning with minimal artefact. This study was conducted to compare between chemical and entomology methods of bone cleaning. Ten subjects between 20 and 40 years old who underwent uncomplicated medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia were randomly chosen for this descriptive cross sectional study. The sternum bone was divided into 4 parts, each part subjected to a different cleaning method, being two chemical approaches i.e. laundry detergent and a combination of 6% hydrogen peroxide and powder sodium bicarbonate and two entomology approaches using 2nd instar maggots of Chrysomyia rufifacies and Ophyra spinigera. A scoring system for grading the outcome of cleaning was used. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated based on average weight reduction per day and median number of days to achieve the average score of less than 1.5 within 12 days of the bone cleaning process. Using maggots was the most time-effective and costeffective method, achieving an average weight reduction of 1.4 gm per day, a median of 11.3 days to achieve the desired score and an average cost of MYR 4.10 per case to reach the desired score within 12 days. This conclusion was supported by blind validation by forensic specialists achieving a 77.8% preference for maggots. Emission scanning electron microscopy evaluation also revealed that maggots especially Chrysomyia rufifacies preserved the original condition of the bones better allowing improved elucidation of bone injuries in future real cases.
Amelioration of inflammation in young men with cardiovascular risks participating pedometer-based walking programme

Omar NO, Ahmad RA, Mohd Shah MS, Aminuddin AA, Chellappan KC

Med J Malaysia, 2021 05;76(3):375-381.
PMID: 34031337

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events. The lack of exercise among Malaysians and the increasing cardiovascular diseases among young men are of concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reducing of inflammation by measuring C-Reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 70 young men (20 - 40 years) who were sedentary, achieving less than 5,000 steps/day in casual walking with 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors were recruited in Institute of Vocational Skills for Youth (IKBN Hulu Langat). Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) (n=34; no change in walking) and pedometer group (PG) (n=36; minimum target: 8,000 steps/day). All parameter was measured at baseline, at 6 weeks and after 12 weeks.
RESULTS: At post intervention, the CG step counts were similar (4983 ± 366vs 5697 ± 407steps/day). The PG significant increased step count from 4996 ± 805 to 10,128 ±511 steps/day (p<0.001). The PG showed significant improvement in anthropometric variables and lipid (time and group effect p<0.001). After intervention, CRP, IL-6 and TNF- α were significantly reduced for time and group effect (p<0.001). However, no changes were seen in CG.
CONCLUSION: The pedometer-based walking programme improved health status in terms of improving inflammation and arterial stiffness.
Differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions using quantitative diffusion-weighted sequence on 3 T MRI

Tan SL, Rahmat K, Rozalli FI, Mohd-Shah MN, Aziz YF, Yip CH, et al.

Clin Radiol, 2014 Jan;69(1):63-71.
PMID: 24156797 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.08.007

To investigate the capability and diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Improved diagnostic accuracy in differentiating malignant and benign lesions using single-voxel proton MRS of the breast at 3 T MRI

Suppiah S, Rahmat K, Mohd-Shah MN, Azlan CA, Tan LK, Aziz YF, et al.

Clin Radiol, 2013 Sep;68(9):e502-10.
PMID: 23706826 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2013.04.002

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV (1)H MRS) by quantifying total choline-containing compounds (tCho) in differentiating malignant from benign lesions, and subsequently, to analyse the relationship of tCho levels in malignant breast lesions with their histopathological subtypes.