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  1. Aqilah Leela T. Narayanan, Muhammad Akmal Ayob, Norayati Nordin, Arief Ruhullah A. Harris, Eko Supriyanto
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1121-1129.
    Lung atelectasis caused by shallow breathing patterns is common after cardiac, thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries.
    A common method used to address this problem is to encourage patients to perform breathing exercises using incentive
    spirometers in the postoperative period. However, to be effective, this procedure must be repeated regularly so that
    adequate lung volumes can be maintained to prevent atelectasis. Current models of single-use, low-cost incentive
    spirometers do not have features that can track and store data on breathing exercises. This makes it difficult to monitor
    patients’ breathing exercises effectively. We present here a device designed to be interfaced with the Spiro-ball incentive
    spirometer and programmed to monitor the incentive spirometry performance. Laboratory based validation performed
    indicate that there were no significant differences between the value obtained from the device and manual reading;
    p-value > 0.05 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 3.882. The device was able to retrieve and display pertinent data
    on incentive spirometry performance. It was also able to correctly track and register random sets of inspiration data
    through different dates and timelines. Being a separate entity which is reusable, it does not add to the cost of the singleuse
    incentive spirometer
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