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  1. Nabila Elyana Adnan, Nur Atiqah Mohd Nasuha, Zanariah Abdullah, Yeun-mun Choo, Hairul Anuar Tajuddin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:903-906.
    Five di- and tri-substituted natural anthraquinones, i.e. nordamnacanthal (1), damnacanthal (2), rubiadin (3), 1-methoxy2-methyl-3-hydroxyanthraquinone
    (4) and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthraquinone (5) were subjected to photophysical
    studies. The results indicated that steric hindrance and intramolecular hydrogen bonding are important factors that
    affect absorption and emission spectral of these natural anthraquinones. Besides that, emission properties were
    significantly enhanced with formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 1,3-dihydroxy-2-aldehyde tri-substituted
    anthraquinone 1. This gave rise to formation of two additional quasi aromatic rings extending the π-conjugation system
    in the anthraquinone structure.
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