Carabiner is one of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which is used to protect the users from hazards by reducing any chance of serious injury. Thus, it is very important to detect even a small
defect on the component before it becomes worse that could give harm to the users. The aim of this paper is to find out the appropriate imaging technical factors of steel carabiner by using computed radiography (CR). Methods: Radiographic images of carabiner were obtained by manipulating the values of kVp and mAs with respect to contrast and density. A preliminary study was carried out to determine the exposure factor combination in order to produce perceptible visual quality of radiographic images. Positioning techniques applied in this study were whole view (open-gate and close-gate position) and screw view (open-gate and close-gate position). An assessor was invited to evaluate the radiographs by using Image Quality Criteria Scoring (ICS) adapted from European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images. Results: Findings showed that the optimum values of kVp and mAs in imaging whole view (open-gate and close-gate) carabiner were 133 kVp and 28 mAs while, for screw view (opengate and close-gate) the range of kVp and mAs preferred were 121 kVp to 133 kVp and 28 mAs to 36 mAs respectively. Conclusion: This study has found that the use of medical CR to expose metal steel such as
carabiner is accepted. By manipulating the imaging parameters, CR can produce a good quality image of carabiner.
The application of ultrasound technology has been widely accepted in clinical settings, particularly in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. This is in light of its ability to detect early foetal malformations apart from enabling foetal monitoring throughout gestation. While ultrasonography is an imaging method that is regularly used in Obstetrics, it is questionable as to whether it is safe for foetuses. The purpose of this paper was to review the evidence regarding the thermal effects of ultrasound exposure on foetal development, particularly. It is hoped that the importance of prudent usage of prenatal ultrasonography will be impressed on clinicians and the public in order to avoid the unnecessary usage of ultrasonography when it is not medically indicated. This is so that the welfare of pregnant women will be looked after, besides contributing to the better health of the next generation by ensuring that the benefits outweigh the known risks or potential harms.