Entrepreneurial self-efficacy has been widely recognized as prominent in entrepreneurship, which can promote entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation. This paper aims at investigating the extent and relationship of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation among graduates in Malaysia, as well as examine the serial mediators of entrepreneurial intention and environmental factors in linking this relationship. This present study used a quantitative approach with a self-administered survey directed at university students in Malaysia. A total of 282 public university graduates in the Klang Valley completed this survey, and we further analysed the data undergoing covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a robust effect on entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial attitude, and business creation among university graduates in Malaysia. In addition, results indicated that entrepreneurial intention and environmental factors completely mediate the serial mediation of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and business creation, while these two mediators partially mediate the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude among graduates in Malaysia.
This study estimates agricultural land resource allocation to develop food-crop commodities in order to safeguard food security in Indonesia in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic. The recommended commodities to be developed in Indonesia are corn, soybean, mungbean, peanut, and rice that are produced with advanced technology and input-output coefficient. There are five introduced scenarios namely, basic scenario, I, II, III, and IV. There are problems related to resource allocation such as limited resources, the ways of using it, and time constraints. In order to maintain and improve the comparative advantage of agricultural production as well as to broaden the agricultural activities, agricultural development is directed to increase business efficiency, improvements in agricultural science, technology, and human resource quality. The utilization of agricultural land resources should be well-planned for better development.
Entrepreneurial ideation has gained robust prominence in the educational context, being a prominent variable in predicting the entrepreneurial intention of students. Thus, this systematic review seeks out and identifies the determinant factors of entrepreneurial ideation and understands the link between entrepreneurial ideation and intention. This paper adopted a systematic review of the literature in Scopus and Web of Science databases during 2016 and 2022, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Based on predefined inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles published within the last decade were analyzed in detail. The findings of this review indicate that entrepreneurship ideation is determined by several factors, including entrepreneurship education, motivation, market, entrepreneurial imaginativeness, and information technology. The results also confirm that there is a link between entrepreneurial ideation and entrepreneurial intention among university students. This paper also highlights the trends in entrepreneurship ideation for university students' education and the primary role of entrepreneurial learning. The findings of this paper are to allocate avenues for future research on the theme of entrepreneurial ideations.