The first visibility of the dawn occurs at a definite angle of the sun depression, Do
which is used to calculate the fajr
(dawn) prayer time. Dawn observations were carried out using Digital Single-lens Reflex (DSLR) camera in the period
from February to December 2017 at several locations in both Malaysia and Indonesia (Lat. between 2.0° - 7.0° N,
Long. 95.0°-106.0°E). Within the observational period, 64 days of the dawn luminance at horizon were recorded with
backgrounds of both sea and land. The purpose of these observations was to determine the sun depression angle Do
at the first moment when the dawn is seen using a DSLR camera. The results indicated that Do
can be determined using
a DSLR camera. The value of Do
is between -14.5° and -18.5° with a mean value of -16.67° and standard deviation of
0.9992. This suggests that the new sun depression angle Do
for dawn prayer is -17.0°.