Muntingia calabura has a high phytochemical content, especially the phenolic group that can act as antioxidant. In Malaysia country, this M. calabura also known as ‘kerukup siam’ or ‘Ceri Kampung’ and it belongs to Muntingiaceae family. This research was conducted to determine the potential of antioxidant activity application of cherry leaves (M. calabura) from various solvent extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane). The phytochemical contents was screening by using the established standard procedure. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method, while the antioxidant activity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening on the leaves part methanolic extracts revealed that the presence of various biochemicals like flavonoids, phenols, steroids, triterpenes, tannins, reducing sugars, and saponins except the alkaloids. Among the three extracts, the methanol leaf extract gave the highest content of phenolics (8.20 mg GAE/g extract). Analyses of antioxidant activity with DPPH method showed that cherry leaf methanolic extracts produced high antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 167.70 g/mL. The present study confirms that the presence of various phytochemicals which shows good antioxidant activity of M. calabura leaves. Therefore, it has the potential as a therapeutic antioxidant agent and can be used in cosmeceutical and food products.
The big challenge for the detection of pharmaceutical residues in water samples is the type of ionization mode in
terms of positive or negative ionization which plays an important role to identify and quantify the analytes using liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry. An analytical method was applied to analysis of gliclazide (diabetic drug) in surface
water and wastewater from sewage treatment plants and hospitals. The proposed analytical method allows simultaneous
isolation and concentration procedure using solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) prior to separation using high-performance
liquid chromatography. The detection and confirmation was achieved by applying time-of-flight analyzer. The limits of
quantification were as low as 1.4 ng/L (deionized water), 4 ng/L (surface water), 27 ng/L (hospital influent), 10 ng/L
(hospital effluent), 6 ng/L (sewage treatment plant effluent) and 21 ng/L (sewage treatment plant influent), respectively. On
average, good recoveries of higher than 87% were obtained for gliclazide in the studied samples. The proposed method
successfully determined and quantified gliclazide in surface water and wastewater. The results showed that gliclazide
is a persistent compound in sewage treatment effluents as well as in the recipient rivers. Gliclazide was detected in all
samples and the highest concentration was 130 ng/L in influent of sewage treatment plant.