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  1. Nazri, A.M., Pebrian, D.E.
    MyJurnal
    Pineapple (Ananas Comosus), which has been identified as high-value non-seasonal tropic fruit, is one
    of the top five fruits in Malaysia that shows a promising demand in the local and export markets. The
    current study was conducted to analyse the efficiency energy inputs used in every activity involved in the
    process of pineapple production. The study also aimed to contribute in initiating a database for energy
    used in producing pineapples in Malaysia, which would hopefully become a guideline for applications
    in related policies in pineapple plantations. Data were collected based on direct field observations at a
    pineapple plantation under the management of Koperasi Serbaguna Anak-Anak Selangor Bhd. (KOSAS
    Bhd.) at Kg. Kundang in Selangor, Malaysia. Oral interviews were also carried out to gather any relevant
    information. The highest energy input used in pineapple production is fertiliser, contributing to 45.65%
    from the total energy equivalents used in the production. Fuel is the second highest energy source with
    a segment of 20.21% of the total energy, followed by planting material, agrochemicals, human labour
    and machine at 17.33%, 12.76%, 3.34 % and 0.69%, respectively. The ratio of energy output/inputs in
    pineapple production in the study area was 3.56. Conclusively, it means the energy input is effectively
    used in the pineapple production in the study area since the energy output/inputs ratio is greater than 1.
    Involvement of machinery in the pineapple cultivation practices in Malaysia is recommended since it
    reduces human drudgery and optimises farm’s capability to do work more efficiently and also to offset
    the labour shortage problem.
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