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  1. Fulltext Mitochondrial Phylogeography of the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) Reveals Riverine and Coastal Population Structure Across Eastern Borneo
    Atmoko T, Putra WPB, Qiptiyah M, Prihatini I, Mukhlisi, Akbar MA, et al.
    Ecol Evol, 2026 Nov;16(11):e74593.
    PMID: 42964889 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.74593
    The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endangered colobine endemic to Borneo, largely confined to mangrove, peat-swamp, and riverine forest and capable of swimming across the rivers and tidal channels that structure its habitat. How this riparian specialization influences the spatial distribution of genetic diversity across the species' range in Indonesia has not been characterized. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region from 32 individuals collected at 11 localities throughout North and East Kalimantan and combined them with published data from Sabah and Pulau Kaget. Twenty-six haplotypes (Hd = 0.986; π = 0.029) are divided into three haplogroups, with their geographic distributions only partially separated. AMOVA revealed significant population differentiation (Φ ST = 0.275, p = 0.018). Differentiation among localities was more accurately explained by least-cost distance calculated over a combined riverine-coastal network than by straight-line distance, supporting the idea that gene flow predominantly occurs along riparian and coastal corridors rather than crossing land. A haplotype found in Sembakung, Nunukan, and Sabah indicates mitochondrial continuity across the Indonesia-Malaysia border. The Pulau Kaget reserve population clusters with East Kalimantan rather than forming a separate southern lineage. Neutrality tests indicate a demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene within the most prevalent haplogroup. Calibrated Simias-Nasalis distances place the split between these sister genera in the Pleistocene (~0.74 Ma). These findings reveal regionally distinct and transboundary mitochondrial lineages, which should guide conservation efforts for this endangered primate.
  2. Fulltext Genome-wide association study of genetic markers of coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle
    Hartati H, Putra WPB, Handiwirawan E, Ramon E, Firison J, Zubir Z, et al.
    Vet World, 2024 Nov;17(11):2537-2543.
    PMID: 39829673 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2537-2543
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Coat color is a phenotypic trait that is affected by many functional genes. In addition, coat color is an important characteristic of breeds in livestock. This study aimed to determine functional genes for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle in Indonesia using a genome-wide association study method.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 50K BeadChip was used for the investigation. A total of 46. Sumatran native cattle of three colors as follows: Brown (36 animals), white (9 animals), and black (1 animal), were used as experimental animals.

    RESULTS: Results showed that the SNP markers ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486 (p = 2.46 × 10-7) and BTB-01992588 (p = 1.06 × 10-5) were selected as two genetic markers for coat color variation in animals under study, which were located at the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2) gene at BTA7 and small G protein signaling modulator 1(SGSM1) genes at BTA17, respectively. The polymorphic informative content values of both SNP markers were 0.33 (ARS-BFGL-NGS-75486) and 0.13 (BTB-01992588). In this study, a genetic marker for coat color patterns in Sumatran native cattle was obtained based on the haplotypes of both SNP markers.

    CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that CYFIP2 and SGSM1 are two coloration genes that affect the phenotype characteristics of Sumatran native cattle.

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